译文及注释

Translation:
The poor people sleep on the cold ground without a fire to keep them warm. They are so cold at midnight that they cannot sleep and can only stand and endure the freezing cold crying out in pain. The piercing cold wind seems to come from nowhere whistling and piercing their bones like thorns. When the frost comes in the early morning it breaks through the walls and enters and the cruel pain of the cold is unavoidable. In the wealthy households the sound of bells and music can be heard during the night banquet and the aroma of cooking lingers until dawn. Those who are freezing wish to turn into moths attracted to the colorful candles in the wealthy households even if they would rather be burned to death. Unfortunately the candles in the wealthy households are blocked by gauze and no matter how many times they fly over they cannot get close. The moths eventually fall to the ground and die and even after death they are trampled by the dancing and frolicking wealthy people. Who are these people who frolic and trample the moths? Anyone who is righteous and hears this will feel sorrow and anger.

Annotations:
1. Sleep on the cold ground without a fire to keep them warm: Refers to the poor people who sleep on the ground without a heated bed. 炙地 means to burn the ground. Poor people or travelers without a heated bed would light a fire to warm the ground before sleeping to keep warm.
2. Crying out in pain: Means that the poor people are so cold that they cannot sleep and can only stand and endure the freezing cold crying out in pain.
3. Piercing cold wind and thorns: Both metaphors refer to the bone-chilling cold wind. 棘 refers to plants with thorns.
4. Whistling wind: Refers to the sound of the wind. The phrase is from Zhang Heng's Si Xuan Fu in the book Wen Xuan: 寒风凄其永至兮，拂云岫之骚骚. The annotation by Li Shan explains that 骚骚 means strong wind. Another version reads 骚劳 but it is doubtful if it is correct.
5. Frost blows in: Refers to the cold wind blowing in through the broken walls.
6. Wealthy households: Refers to the large and luxurious houses of the wealthy.
7. Ring bells and play music: In ancient times wealthy households would ring bells and play music during banquets.
8. The aroma of cooking lingers until dawn: Means that the aroma of cooking fills the house and does not dissipate until dawn. These two lines contrast strongly with the previous situation of the poor people suffering from the cold and crying out in pain.
9. Colorful candles: Refers to the decorative candles in the wealthy households.
10. Gauze: Refers to the curtains. 遭 means all over. Here moths are metaphorically compared to the miserable situation of the poor people who cannot survive or die in the cold night.
11. Fall to the ground: Means that the moths fall to the ground. 到 here means 倒 and can be found in the book Shuo Wen Tong Xun Ding Sheng.
12. Trampled by the dancing and frolicking wealthy people: Implies that the ruling class is indifferent to the life and death of the poor people. 为 means 被.
13. Eat and drink all day: Refers to the wealthy people who indulge in pleasure all day long. 《寒地百姓吟》译文及注释详情»

创作背景

这篇创作背景是关于一首诗的，题目是《洛阳诗》，作者是孟郊。根据注释，这首诗是为了表达对郑余庆的赞扬和感激之情而写的。郑余庆是唐朝时期的一位官员，据《旧唐书》记载，他在元和三年（808年）担任了检校兵部尚书的职务，同时还兼任东都留守。而根据《孟郊传》的记载，李翱曾经推荐孟郊给郑余庆，后来郑余庆镇守兴元，还任命孟郊为从事。因此，可以推断出这首诗应该是在元和年间（806～820年）的洛阳创作的，当时孟郊担任河南水陆转运判官的职务。这篇创作背景为读者提供了一些关于诗歌创作的背景信息，帮助读者更好地理解和欣赏这首诗。 《寒地百姓吟》创作背景详情»

赏析

死，也不愿意继续忍受贫困的生活。这种形象的描绘，表达了诗人对贫苦人民的同情和对不公平社会的愤怒。同时，诗中也透露出诗人的反抗精神和对改变现状的渴望。

整首诗的语言简练而有力，运用了对比和象征的手法，使诗意更加深刻。通过对冷箭、棘针和霜花的描写，诗人生动地展现了寒冷的环境和人们所受的痛苦。同时，通过对富贵人家夜宴的描写，与贫苦人民的对比更加鲜明，凸显了社会的不公和阶级的对立。

此诗还通过对寒苦人民的描写，表达了诗人对劳动人民的深切同情。诗中写道：“苦痛不可逃”，呼喊出受难者的心声。诗人通过描写寒冷的环境和贫苦人民的生活状况，表达了对他们的同情和对社会不公的愤怒。诗人选择了用诗歌来表达对社会现状的不满和对改变的渴望，展现了他的反抗精神和对正义的追求。

总的来说，这首诗通过对比和象征的手法，描绘了寒地之夜和贫苦人民的生活处境，鲜明地揭示了封建社会中的阶级对立。诗人通过对寒苦人民的描写，表达了对他们的同情和对社会不公的愤怒。整首诗意境凄凉婉转，充满幽愤悲怆之情，展现了诗人对劳动人民的深切同情和对改变现状的渴望。 《寒地百姓吟》赏析详情»