原文: 昔在帝妫,臣唐之代,天纲浡潏,为凋为瘵;洪涛澜汗,万里无际;长波涾??,迆涎八裔。
于是乎禹也,乃铲临崖之阜陆,决陂潢而相沷。
启龙门之岝??,垦陵峦而崭凿。
群山既略,百川潜渫。
泱漭澹泞,腾波赴势。
江河既导,万穴俱流,掎拔五岳,竭涸九州。
沥滴渗淫,荟蔚云雾,涓流泱瀼,莫不来注。
于廓灵海,长为委输。
其为广也,其为怪也,宜其为大也。
尔其为状也,则乃浟湙潋滟,浮天无岸;浺瀜沆瀁,渺?湠漫;波如连山,乍合乍散。
嘘噏百川,洗涤淮汉;襄陵广舄,??浩汗。
若乃大明?辔于金枢之穴,翔阳逸骇于扶桑之津。
彯沙礐石,荡??岛滨。
于是鼓怒,溢浪扬浮,更相触搏,飞沫起涛。
状如天轮,胶戾而激转;又似地轴,挺拔而争回。
岑岺飞腾而反复,五岳鼓舞而相磓。
??濆沦而滀漯,郁沏迭而隆颓。
盘盓激而成窟,????滐而为魁。
?泊柏而迆飏,磊匒匌而相豗。
惊浪雷奔,骇水迸集;开合解会,瀼瀼湿湿;葩华踧沑,?泞潗?。
若乃霾曀潜销,莫振莫竦;轻尘不飞,纤萝不动;犹尚呀呷,馀波独涌;澎濞灪?,碨磊山垄。
尔其枝岐潭瀹,渤荡成汜。
乖蛮隔夷,回互万里。
若乃偏荒速告,王命急宣,飞骏鼓楫,泛海凌山。
于是候劲风,揭百尺,维长绡,挂帆席;望涛远决,冏然鸟逝,鹬如惊凫之失侣,倏如六龙之所掣;一越三千,不终朝而济所届。
若其负秽临深,虚誓愆祈,则有海童邀路,马衔当蹊。
天吴乍见而仿佛,蝄像暂晓而闪尸。
群妖遘迕,眇?冶夷。
决帆摧橦,戕风起恶。
廓如灵变,惚怳幽暮。
气似天霄,叆靅云步。
?昱绝电,百色妖露。
呵?掩郁,矆睒无度。
飞涝相磢,激势相沏。
崩云屑雨,浤浤汩汩。
??踔湛??,沸溃渝溢。
瀖泋濩渭,荡云沃日。
于是舟人渔子,徂南极东,或屑没于鼋鼍之穴,或挂罥于岑?之峰。
或掣掣洩洩于裸人之国,或泛泛悠悠于黑齿之邦。
或乃萍流而浮转,或因归风以自反。
徒识观怪之多骇,乃不悟所历之近远。
尔其为大量也,则南澰朱崖,北洒天墟,东演析木,西薄青徐。
经途瀴溟,万万有余。
吐云霓,含鱼龙,隐鲲鳞,潜灵居。
岂徒积太颠之宝贝,与随侯之明珠。
将世之所收者常闻,所未名者若无。
且希世之所闻,恶审其名?故可仿像其色,叆霼其形。
尔其水府之内,极深之庭,则有崇岛巨鳌,峌??孤亭。
擘洪波,指太清。
竭磐石,栖百灵。
飏凯风而南逝,广莫至而北征。
其垠则有天琛水怪,鲛人之室。
瑕石诡晖,鳞甲异质。
若乃云锦散文于沙汭之际,绫罗被光于螺蚌之节。
繁采扬华,万色隐鲜。
阳冰不冶,阴火潜然。
熺炭重燔,吹烱九泉。
朱??绿烟,?眇蝉蜎。
珊瑚琥珀,群产接连。
车渠马瑙,全积如山。
鱼则横海之鲸,突扤孤游;戛岩?,偃高涛,茹鳞甲,吞龙舟,噏波则洪涟踧蹜,吹涝则百川倒流。
或乃蹭蹬穷波,陆死盐田,巨鳞插云,鬐鬣刺天,颅骨成岳,流膏为渊。
若乃岩坻之隈,沙石之嵚;毛翼产鷇,剖卵成禽;凫雏离褷,鹤子淋渗。
群飞侣浴,戏广浮深;翔雾连轩,洩洩淫淫;翻动成雷,扰翰为林;更相叫啸,诡色殊音。
若乃三光既清,天地融朗。
不泛阳侯,乘??绝往;觌安期于蓬莱,见乔山之帝像。
群仙缥眇,餐玉清涯。
履阜乡之留舄,被羽翮之襂纚。
翔天沼,戏穷溟;甄有形于无欲,永悠悠以长生。
且其为器也,包干之奥,括坤之区。
惟神是宅,亦只是庐。
何奇不有,何怪不储?芒芒积流,含形内虚。
旷哉坎德,卑以自居;弘往纳来,以宗以都;品物类生,何有何无。
Translation:
In ancient times during the time when Emperor Shun was still a minister under Emperor Yao the rivers overflowed and flooded causing great concern among the people. The water was vast stretching endlessly for thousands of miles without boundaries or shores. The surging waves collided with each other extending in all directions. Emperor Shun commanded Yu the Great to control the waters. He led the people to cross mountains and dig river mouths to divert the flow of the rivers. He excavated the steep cliffs on both sides of the Yellow River at Longmen Mountain and opened up new river channels by taming the mountains and ridges. The mountains were controlled and the rivers were cleared. The deep and dark Yellow River surged and rushed joyfully towards the ocean. The rivers were now diverted and countless accumulated waters flowed out. The majestic Five Sacred Mountains stood tall and the water disasters in the Nine Provinces were eliminated. Drops of water gathered to form streams trickling out from mountain valleys. Clouds and mist covered the mountaintops while the river water flowed gently below. All flowed towards the vast ocean. Oh the vast ocean relying on these rivers to supply water all year round. How vast the ocean is how magnificent it truly is.
Look at the appearance of the ocean with its vast waves surging towards the boundless horizon. The vast and distant ocean is vast and boundless. The waves are continuous sometimes gathering and sometimes dispersing. The ocean freely breathes in and out washing the rivers and cleansing the waters of the Yangtze Huai and Han rivers. The floodwaters overflow the hills forming salt-alkali lands that are soaked all year round along with those deep and vast bays. The ocean is both the home where the moon sets and the ferry where the sun rises. The sea breeze carries sand and the waves crash against the rocks on the shore rippling like a strong wind blowing. When the ocean is angry the overflowing waves soar and sink colliding with each other and the waves rise high with flying foam. It looks like the wheels of heaven spinning countless torrents and whirlpools; it also resembles the axle of the earth standing tall and vigorous competing to rotate. The surging waves are like small mountains constantly churning and overturning and the towering waves collide like the peaks of the Five Sacred Mountains. The swirling waves resemble a bustling market with overlapping wave crests rising and collapsing. The swirling water vortex forms a deep abyss and the surrounding waves resemble small mountains rising. The drifting water waves tilt and rush and the stacked giant waves collide like tall stone piles. The roaring waves rush like thunder sometimes gathering and bursting sometimes dispersing. Where the waves open and close the wave light flickers sometimes bright and sometimes dim. The water ripples sometimes disperse and sometimes gather and the surging waves sound like boiling water. The sea foam blown by the sea breeze in the gloomy sky obscures the sun and the dark sky and the quietly disappearing light make people shudder. There is no trace of dust on the sea surface and the water ripples resemble...
《海赋》译文及注释详情»
创了九州,将洪水引入大海。接着,作品开始描写大海的壮丽景象,如波涛连绵如山,浩渺无边。作者运用了夸张手法,将大海形容为广阔、怪异、巨大的存在。同时,作品也展现了大海的变幻多样,一旦海洋发怒,就会引发风暴和海啸,使舟子和渔人陷入危险之中。此外,作品还描绘了大海的丰饶和神秘,将其比喻为珍宝,令人遐想。作者在描写海洋的同时,也融入了现实生活和社会人生的元素,突出了海洋的个性。例如,描述了王命急宣,飞骏鼓楫,泛海凌山的场景,与封建王朝的升值生活有着密切联系。此外,作品还包含了劝善惩恶的伦理说教,以及中古时代滨海居民的现实生活写照。通过这些描写,作品不仅展现了大海的奇诡世界,还表达了人类征服自然的实践意义。
《海赋》的描写细致生动,绘影传神,文笔简洁。它突破了汉大赋罗列排比的传统体物手法,着意刻画具体事物的鲜明特点,增强了作品的艺术魅力与审美品位。这种风格对后世的作家如鲍照的《登大雷岸与妹书》、李白的《早发白帝城》等产生了启发和影响。
在中国文学史上,有许多以孤篇名世的作家,而西晋木华凭借其瑰奇壮阔的《海赋》成为其中之一。这篇作品在当时就享有盛名,并且对后代产生了深远的影响。
《海赋》赏析详情»
根据提供的内容,我们可以整理和补充如下信息:
姓名:木华
字号:玄虚
籍贯:广川
生卒年:不详
活动年代:约公元290年
时代背景:约晋惠帝初年前后在世
职业身份:杨骏主薄
作品:《海赋》(收录于《文选》)
文风特点:甚隽丽
需要补充的信息:
由于提供的内容较为有限,我们无法得知木华的具体出生和死亡年份,以及他在晋惠帝时期的具体活动和成就。如果有更多相关信息,可以进一步补充。