庆州败的译文及注释

译文及注释
Translation: The army of the king does not need to engage in battle to make the enemy surrender. War must be prepared for in order to avoid trouble. However in the current long period of peace people have forgotten this principle. The hundred thousand troops of the Western Xia have betrayed their generations-old alliance and invaded the border city. They have burned killed and looted as if they were in a lawless land. The main general is incompetent and acts recklessly. Chengzhi is originally a civil official who does not understand military strategy and tactics. Moreover he is a young and ignorant person whose only skill is eating and drinking. Upon hearing that the enemy has arrived he immediately gathers troops and treats the enemy soldiers as if they are not worth a single blow as if dealing with dead people. The troops are hastily deployed without proper organization and do not understand how to occupy advantageous positions. The soldiers are also arrogant and spoiled. Due to lack of training the horses are very fat and cannot run and they cannot bear the weight of armor. Even if they have good weapons they cannot be used. As a result the soldiers are made to walk with difficulty and many fall into deep mountain gorges causing the enemy to mock them. The enemy's ambush is neatly arranged cutting off the path below the mountain and the soldiers are surrounded. There is no choice but to surrender and the main general cries and ties himself up. The enemy gives the order that those who have performing skills can save their lives so some people compete to showcase their skills or sing. The rest of the people have their noses or ears cut off and are sent away. They run to the east while being terrified. With missing ears and noses they look like monsters but they do not feel ashamed or embarrassed and are fortunate to have escaped with their lives. The cause of this disastrous defeat and humiliation is all due to the actions of the main general. Not understanding military strategy not understanding the importance of terrain and only relying on luck bringing such shame to the country is truly a heartbreaking matter.

Annotations:
- Wu Zhan: The opponent cannot resist.
- Wang Zhe: In ancient times the ruler who could win people over with virtue was called a king.
- Shi: Army.
- Cheng Ping: Long-term peace and stability.
- Xi Rong: Refers to the Western Xia.
- Shi Meng: Generations of friendship. At the end of the Tang Dynasty Tuoba Sigong occupied Xiazhou (now Hengshan Shaanxi) and his descendants passed it down. In the Song Dynasty they were given the surname Zhao and the title of the Great Xia Kingdom. At that time the leader of the Western Xia Yuanhao also received a title from the Song Dynasty and was named the Western Ping King.
- Shu Hu: Refers to the minority households near the border that have been assimilated into Han Chinese customs.
- Zhang Bao: Fortresses built to defend against enemy invasions in strategic locations on the border.
- Cheng Zhi: Official title.


诗文: 无战王者师,有备军之志。
天下承平数十年,此语虽存人所弃。
今岁西戎背世盟,直随秋风寇边城。
屠杀熟户烧障堡,十万驰骋山岳倾。
国家防塞今有谁?官为承制乳臭儿。
酣觞大嚼乃事业,何尝识会兵之机?
符移火急蒐卒乘,意谓就戮如缚尸。
未成一军已出战,驱逐急使缘崄巇。
马肥甲重士饱喘,虽有弓剑何所施?
连颠自欲堕深谷,虏骑笑指声嘻嘻。
一麾发伏雁行出,山下奄截成重围。
我军免胄乞死所,承制面缚交涕洟。
逡巡下令艺者全,争献小技歌且吹。
其余劓馘放之去,东走矢液皆淋漓。
道无耳准若怪兽,不自愧耻犹生归!
守者沮气陷者苦,尽由主将之所为。
地机不见欲侥胜,羞辱中国堪伤悲!


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