刘墉
刘墉（1719～1804），字崇如，号石庵，另有青原、香岩、东武、穆庵、溟华、日观峰道人等字号，清代书画家、政治家。他出生于山东省高密县逄戈庄人（原属诸城），祖籍江苏徐州丰县。乾隆十六年（1751年）他中举进士，是刘统勋的儿子。他曾担任过吏部尚书和体仁阁大学士等职务，官至内阁大学士。他以清廉的政绩而闻名，被誉为乃父之风。
刘墉是一位擅长书法的艺术家，尤其擅长小楷。他的行书作品被广泛传世，成为他最具代表性的书法作品。他的书法作品以工整、流畅的笔画和端庄、典雅的风格著称。
1804年嘉庆九年十二月二十五日，刘墉在京城去世。他被追谥为文清。
民间传说
“Liu Luoguo” wrote a poem praising the ancient Zhu Axiu ball lantern dance: Liu Yong who was known as one of the three major ministers of the Qianlong Dynasty along with Ji Yun and He Shen was a legendary figure in history known for his intelligence and widely recognized by the people. In fact there was no prime minister position in the Qing Dynasty and Liu Yong's highest official position was the Grand Academician of the Imperial Academy. Whether he was truly a Luoguo (a term referring to someone who is both talented and humorous) is not confirmed by historical records but his image as an upright and incorruptible official has deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
In Qihexian County people can still accurately point out that Liu Yong's maternal grandmother's house was located in Majia Courtyard in Qihexian County (Old Town) less than ten miles away from the birthplace of the Zhu Axiu ball lantern dance in Zhu'a Town Qihexian County. Legend has it that one year after the Spring Festival Liu Yong came to his maternal grandmother's house in Majia Courtyard to visit his relatives. On the night of the fifteenth day of the first lunar month the Majia family invited Song Wulie the leader of the ball lantern dance troupe who had a blood relationship with the Majia family to perform at their home. Such a beloved high-ranking official of the Qing Dynasty coming to the countryside to watch the performance of the ball lantern dance made Song Wulie feel extremely honored. During the performance when the words The Best in the World and World Peace were displayed Liu Yong was delighted and spontaneously composed a poem: The hometown is crowded with people the candlelight resembles a dragon's dance. Zhu'a is the unique show the official records will be remembered in the village's history.
Whether this folk tale passed down by word of mouth is true or not there is no evidence to confirm it today. According to historical records Liu Yong was born in 1719 and died in 1804. The formation of the ball lantern dance with the words arranged by Song Wulie should have occurred after 1793 which means that Liu Yong was at least 74 years old when he saw the ball lantern dance formation. Did the elderly Liu Yong have the physical strength to travel all the way to Qihexian County to visit his relatives? According to accurate historical records in 1797 when Liu Yong was 78 years old he did visit Shandong. That year he was just appointed as the Grand Academician of the Imperial Academy and accompanied Qing Gui the Minister of Personnel to Shandong to handle a case and inspect the situation of the Yellow River breach. After inspecting the Yellow River he submitted a memorial requesting the government to block and build at the breach and widen and dredge downstream. The court accepted his suggestions which became another political achievement of Liu Yong in his later years.
Legend has it that one autumn Emperor Qianlong led a group of people to the area near Juyongguan Pass for a hunting expedition. In addition to the princes and the imperial guards there was also the Grand Academician Liu Yong among the entourage.
When they passed Qinghe in the morning they saw the river flowing slowly with clear water and visible pebbles at the bottom of the river. Liu Yong looked at the river while thinking of an idea.
When they arrived at Shahe at noon the large group of people set up camp and rested on the bank of the river. Shahe was a river formed by the confluence of Qinghe and Yuhu after the merger.
刘墉民间传说详情»
人物生平
刘墉的早年生活非常优越，出生于一个名门望族的家庭。他的祖父和父亲都是朝廷的重要官员，家族世代为官，因此刘墉从小就接受了良好的教育。
初入仕途时，刘墉凭借父亲的关系，以恩荫举人的身份参加了会试和殿试，并且考中了二甲第二名进士。他被授予翰林院庶吉士的职位，并在散馆担任编修，不久后又升为侍讲，这标志着他步入仕途的起点。
然而，乾隆二十年，刘墉的父亲因为办理军务失误而被下狱，刘墉也受到了牵连，被降为翰林院编修。虽然后来父子得到了宽恕，但刘墉的仕途受到了一定的影响。
乾隆二十一年起，刘墉被派往地方担任官职，他先后担任过安徽学政、江苏学政、太原知府和江宁知府等职务。在这段时间里，刘墉秉承了父亲的正直干练和雷厉风行的作风，对科场积弊和官场恶习进行了整顿，为百姓做了实事。同时，他也积极贯彻皇帝的意旨，查禁违禁书籍，捉拿会党，得到了皇帝的赞许。
乾隆二十一年六月，刘墉担任广西乡试正考官，十月被提拔为安徽学政。在赴任前，乾隆皇帝特意召见刘墉并赐诗，表达了对他的期望。刘墉在任期间针对贡生和监生管理混乱的问题上疏上书，提出了切实可行的补救办法，得到了皇帝的认可。
乾隆二十四年十月，刘墉调任江苏学政。赴任前，乾隆皇帝再次赠诗，显示了对刘墉的厚望。刘墉在任期间严肃认真地为政，他在扬州按试时，由于关卡严格，一些想要作弊蒙混过关的人最终不敢入场。他还上书皇帝称：“生监中滋事妄为者，府州县官多所瞻顾，不加创艾。”这表明他对于整顿官场秩序和惩治贪污腐败的决心。
刘墉在地方任职期间，展现了他的才干和正直，得到了皇帝的赏识和信任。他的一生充满了艰辛和挫折，但他始终坚守自己的原则，为国家和人民做出了贡献。刘墉的故事告诉我们，只有坚守正道，勇于改革，才能在官场中立于不败之地。
刘墉人物生平详情»
主要成就
刘墉是一位政治家、书法家和收藏家。他出身于名门相府，祖上数辈都是进士出身。他的父亲刘统勋是官居宰相，深得乾隆皇帝的倚重。因此，刘墉具备了深厚的家族渊源，走上了仕途之路。他一生为官五十余载，宦海沉浮，几经起落。他的官职最高时是体仁阁大学士，总体而言，他清正廉洁，继承了父亲的衣钵，成为乾隆、嘉庆朝的重要大臣。
除了政治家的身份，刘墉还是一位著名的书法家。他被誉为清代四大书法家之一，与成亲王、翁方纲和铁保并列。清朝徐珂称赞刘墉的书法：“文清书法，论者譬之以黄钟大吕之音，清庙明堂之器，推为一代书家之冠。”刘墉的书法融会了历代诸大家的风格，形成了自己独特的风格。他的书法特点是用墨厚重，体丰骨劲，浑厚敦实，别具面目。尤其是他的小楷被后人称赞，不仅有钟繇、王羲之、颜真卿和苏轼的法度，还深得魏晋小楷的风致。刘墉还兼工文翰，博通百家经史，精研古文考辨，工书善文，名盛一时。
刘墉还是一位热衷于收藏的人。他嗜好藏书，家中的藏书既广且博。除了经史子集四部之外，他还收藏了佛、道、类书、碑帖、字画、戏曲、小说、弹词、曲谱、平话等各种书籍。此外，他还收藏了奇石、砚台、毛笔、古琴等物品，也因此在收藏界名声显赫。
刘墉还编纂了《刘氏家谱集注》，记录了他家族的世系。这部家谱审定了从源明公至广传公的客家世系，共147世。这部家谱是刘墉对家族历史的重要记录，也是他对家族传承的贡献。
刘墉是一位政治家、书法家和收藏家，他在政治、艺术和文化领域都有卓越的成就。他的政治才能使他成为乾隆、嘉庆朝的重要大臣，他的书法造诣使他被誉为清代四大书法家之一，他的收藏爱好使他成为当时收藏界的名人。刘墉的一生充满了辛勤努力和成就，他为后人留下了宝贵的财富和文化遗产。
刘墉主要成就详情»