《思旧赋》原文赏析
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sī思jiù旧fù赋
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[weì魏jìn晋]xiàng向xiù秀
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yú余yǔ与jī嵇kāng康、lǚ吕ān安jū居zhǐ止jiē接jìn近，qí其rén人bìng并yǒu有bù不jī羁zhī之cái才。rán然jī嵇zhì志yuǎn远ér而shū疏，lǚ吕xīn心kuàng旷ér而fàng放，qí其hòu后gè各yǐ以shì事jiàn见fǎ法。jī嵇bó博zōng综jì技yì艺，yú于sī丝zhú竹tè特miào妙。lín临dāng当jiù就mìng命，gù顾shì视rì日yǐng影，suǒ索qín琴ér而dàn弹zhī之。yú余shì逝jiāng将xī西mài迈，jīng经qí其jiù旧lú庐。yú于shí时rì日báo薄yú虞yuān渊，hán寒bīng冰qī凄rán然。lín邻rén人yǒu有chuī吹dí笛zhě者，fā发yīn音liáo寥liàng亮。zhuī追sī思nǎng曩xī昔yóu游yàn宴zhī之hǎo好，gǎn感yīn音ér而tàn叹，gù故zuò作fù赋yún云：jiāng将mìng命shì适yú于yuǎn远jīng京xī兮，suì遂xuàn旋fǎn反ér而beǐ北cú徂。
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jì济huáng黄hé河yǐ以fàn泛zhōu舟xī兮，jīng经shān山yáng阳zhī之jiù旧jū居。
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zhān瞻kuàng旷yě野zhī之xiāo萧tiáo条xī兮，xī息yú余jià驾hū乎chéng城yú隅。
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jiàn践èr二zǐ子zhī之yí遗jī迹xī兮，lì历qióng穷xiàng巷zhī之kōng空lú庐。
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tàn叹shǔ黍lí离zhī之mǐn愍zhōu周xī兮，beī悲mài麦xiù秀yú于yīn殷xū墟。
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weí惟gǔ古xī昔yǐ以huái怀jīn今xī兮，xīn心pái徘huái徊yǐ以chóu踌chú躇。
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dòng栋yǔ宇cú存ér而fú弗huǐ毁xī兮，xíng形shén神shì逝qí其yān焉rú如。
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xī昔lǐ李sī斯zhī之shòu受zuì罪xī兮，tàn叹huáng黄quǎn犬ér而cháng长yín吟。
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dào悼jī嵇shēng生zhī之yǒng永cí辞xī兮，gù顾rì日yǐng影ér而dàn弹qín琴。
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tuō托yùn运yù遇yú于lǐng领huì会xī兮，jì寄yú余mìng命yú于cùn寸yīn阴。
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tīng听míng鸣dí笛zhī之kāng慷kǎi慨xī兮，miào妙shēng声jué绝ér而fù复xún寻。
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tíng停jià驾yán言qí其jiāng将mài迈xī兮，suì遂yuán援hàn翰ér而xiě写xīn心。
原文： 余与嵇康、吕安居止接近，其人并有不羁之才。然嵇志远而疏，吕心旷而放，其后各以事见法。嵇博综技艺，于丝竹特妙。临当就命，顾视日影，索琴而弹之。余逝将西迈，经其旧庐。于时日薄虞渊，寒冰凄然。邻人有吹笛者，发音寥亮。追思曩昔游宴之好，感音而叹，故作赋云：将命适于远京兮，遂旋反而北徂。
济黄河以泛舟兮，经山阳之旧居。
瞻旷野之萧条兮，息余驾乎城隅。
践二子之遗迹兮，历穷巷之空庐。
叹黍离之愍周兮，悲麦秀于殷墟。
惟古昔以怀今兮，心徘徊以踌躇。
栋宇存而弗毁兮，形神逝其焉如。
昔李斯之受罪兮，叹黄犬而长吟。
悼嵇生之永辞兮，顾日影而弹琴。
托运遇于领会兮，寄余命于寸阴。
听鸣笛之慷慨兮，妙声绝而复寻。
停驾言其将迈兮，遂援翰而写心。
相关标签：辞赋精选悼亡友人
译文及注释
Translation:
Myself Ji Kang and Lu An have similar lifestyles and we all possess unrestricted talents. However Ji Kang's aspirations are lofty and broad while Lu An's heart is open and unrestrained. Later they were both killed because of certain events. Ji Kang is proficient in all arts especially skilled in music. When facing execution he turned his head to look at the shadow of the sun and wanted to play the qin. At this moment I am about to travel west and pass by our old residence. The sun gradually approaches its setting and the cold frost becomes even more desolate. Someone in the neighborhood plays the flute and the sound is loud and mournful evoking memories of the past when we played and enjoyed music together. I am deeply moved by this flute sound and cannot help but sigh so I write this poem.
I am ordered to go to the distant capital and then I turn back and head north. I sail across the Yellow River and pass by my former residence in Shanyang. I look at the desolate wilderness and stop my carriage at the foot of the city. I trace the traces left by the two of them and pass through the empty houses in the deep alleys. I lament the song Shu Li deeply mourning the ancestral temple of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the sad tune of Mai Xiu floats in the ruins of the Yin Dynasty. Touching the ancient sorrow I miss the departed people and my heart lingers and hesitates. The buildings and houses are still intact without any damage but the appearance and spirit of the deceased have long gone. Li Si who suffered and was killed lamented his inability to take the yellow dog out of the Shangcai Gate for hunting sighing and chanting. I mourn for Ji Kang's last moment before leaving the world forever and look back at the shadow of the sun to play the qin again. The fate of life is entrusted to the momentary understanding and encounter and the remaining beautiful life is entrusted to even just an inch of time. I hear the sound of the flute clear and generous as if Ji Kang's extraordinary music has returned. My carriage will set off again so I pick up my pen and write down my current feelings.
Annotations:
Lu An: Zi Zhongti from Dongping (now Dongping County Shandong Province). His birth year is unknown and he died in the third year of Wei Jingyuan. His wife Xu was beautiful and Lu An's brother Lu Xun had an affair with her. When the matter was exposed Lu Xun falsely accused Lu An of being unfilial and Ji Kang defended his innocence. Zhong Hui had a grudge against Ji Kang and took the opportunity to slander him to Sima Zhao. Sima Zhao later killed both of them. Ju Zhi: place of residence.
Unrestrained talent: talented but not bound by conventions.
Lofty aspirations but distant: having high aspirations but being distant from worldly affairs.
Open-hearted and unrestrained: having a broad-minded and free-spirited nature.
To be punished for a certain event: 以事见法 means being punished for that particular event as explained in the following text.
《思旧赋》译文及注释详情»
鉴赏
怀念故友嵇康和吕安而写的一篇赋体文。整篇赋体文分为序言和正文两部分，字里行间直陈直叙，表达了作者对亡友的沉痛悼念以及对当时黑暗政治的悲愤之情。
在序言部分，作者通过自己经过旧庐时听到邻人的笛音，回忆起了嵇康临刑前弹琴的情景。嵇康临刑前看着日影，索琴弹奏了一曲只有他自己会弹的《广陵散》。这一情景生动地展现了嵇康临死前的从容和英勇，以及对屠杀者的藐视。据《晋书》记载，嵇康临刑前有三千太学生请他为师，但他拒绝了。他看着日影说：“昔袁孝尼尝从吾学广陵散，吾每靳固之，广陵散于今绝矣。”这段记载表明，《广陵散》是嵇康临刑前索琴而弹奏的绝响，是他思想的凝结，也是我们了解他生命意识的关键。嵇康将庄子的理想的人生境界人间化了，他的琴声曾经凝聚着“乘云气，御飞龙，而游乎四海之外”的神仙情结。有了这样的心态，嵇康不会去顾及人生之途上的不尽人意之处，哪怕“寄余命于寸阴”，也不忘去弹奏“感天地以致和”的音乐，让琴声超越人生困境的诗性境界，去创化一种本然，去拓展一种空谷传响、长啸久绝。作者通过这样的描写，歌颂了亡友嵇康的德才和风度。
在正文部分，作者通过虚实相间、借景抒情的手法，表达了自己的凄楚悲怆之情。他描述了自己艰难的处境，用动词“济”、“经”、“瞻”、“息”、“践”、“历”等，生动地展现了自己的举步维艰。同时，通过特定时间和特定景物，作者移情抒怀。他描述了济黄河以泛舟、经过山阳旧居、瞻望旷野的萧条、息驾于城隅、践踏二友的遗迹、历经穷巷的空庐。这些描写既表达了作者自己的困境，又通过特定的景物和时间，表达了对亡友的思念之情。
整篇赋体文情真意切，悲愤交加。作者通过描写嵇康临刑前的情景，歌颂了他的德才和风度。同时，通过自己的困境和对亡友的思念，表达了对当时黑暗政治的悲愤之情。这篇赋体文情景交融，意境深远，寓情于景，寄意遥深。
《思旧赋》鉴赏详情»
向秀
向秀（约227-272年），字子期，河内怀（今河南武陟西南）人，是魏晋时期竹林七贤之一。他曾担任黄门侍郎和散骑常侍的官职。
向秀对读书有着浓厚的兴趣，与嵇康、吕安等人交好，并选择隐居不仕。然而，在景元四年（263年），嵇康和吕安被司马氏害死后，向秀应本郡的郡上计前往洛阳，受到司马昭的接见，并被任命为散骑侍郎和黄门散骑常侍。他与任恺等人也相处融洽。
向秀对老庄之学有着浓厚的兴趣，曾经注解《庄子》，被称为“妙析奇致，大畅玄风”（《世说新语·文学》）。然而，他在注解未完成之前就去世了。郭象接手了他的《庄子》遗稿，并完成了《庄子注》三十三篇的成书。
除了注解《庄子》，向秀还著有《思旧赋》和《难嵇叔夜养生论》等作品。