《旱云赋》原文赏析

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原文: 惟昊天之大旱兮,失精和之正理。
遥望白云之蓬勃兮,滃澹澹而妄止。
运清浊之澒洞兮,正重沓而并起。
嵬隆崇以崔巍兮,时仿佛而有似。
屈卷轮而中天兮,象虎惊与龙骇。
相抟据而俱兴兮,妄倚俪而时有。
遂积聚而合沓兮,相纷薄而慷慨。
若飞翔之从横兮,杨侯怒而澎濞。
正帷布而雷动兮,相击冲而破碎。
或窈窕而四塞兮,诚若雨而不坠。
阴阳分而不相得兮,更惟贪邪而狼戾。
终风解而霰散兮,陵迟而堵溃。
或深潜而闭藏兮,争离而并逝。
廓荡荡其若涤兮,日照照而无秽。
隆盛暑而无聊兮,煎砂石而烂渭。
汤风至而含热兮,群生闷满而愁愦。
畎亩枯槁而失泽兮,壤石相聚而为害。
农夫垂拱而无聊兮,释其锄耨而下泪。
忧疆畔之遇害兮,痛皇天之靡惠。
惜稚稼之旱夭兮,离天灾而不遂。
怀怨心而不能已兮,窃讬咎于在位。
独不闻唐虞之积烈兮,与三代之风气?时俗殊而不还兮,恐功久而坏败。
何操行之不得兮,政治失中而违节。
阴气辟而留滞兮,猒暴至而沉没。
嗟乎!惜旱大剧,何辜于天无恩泽?忍兮啬夫,何寡德矣!既已生之,不与福矣。
来何暴也,去何躁也!孳孳望之,其可悼也。
憭兮栗兮,以郁怫兮。
念思白云,肠如结兮。
终怨不雨,甚不仁兮;布而不下,甚不信兮。
白云何怨?奈何人兮!



译文及注释

Translation:
In the scorching hot summer morning the normal climate patterns are lost. From afar the vigorous rising white clouds continue to float. The rotating white clouds and dark clouds fill the endless sky intertwining and rising together. They rise high like towering mountains occasionally appearing as if it's going to rain. Some roll in the air like curved wheels startling like a dragon and tiger. They gather together and rise collectively sometimes separating and sometimes coming together. They accumulate and overlap approaching without ceasing. They fly like birds soaring freely and also resemble the furious waves of the sea. When the dark clouds are dense thunder rumbles colliding with each other and dispersing the dark clouds. The dark clouds sometimes spread deep and cover the sky as if it's going to rain but ultimately doesn't.

The separation of yin and yang cannot merge caused by the greed evil and tyranny of the rulers. Eventually the clouds are blown apart like hail just like the collapse of mountains and the crumbling of earth walls. Some cloud layers hide deeply leaving one after another and gradually disappearing. The vast sky is as if it has been cleansed shining with intense sunlight that is not obstructed by any clouds. In the dog days of summer there is nothing to rely on and the sand and stones under the scorching sun seem to be roasted by fire while the Wei River appears to be cracked from the heat. The wind blows with hot air causing the people to feel anxious and restless. The water channels in the fields are dry and the crops wither. The scorching hot stones in the fields also harm the crops. The farmers have nothing to rely on leaving their hoes behind and tears streaming down their faces. They worry about the drought affecting the land and resent the lack of mercy from heaven. They mourn the death of young seedlings due to drought unable to grow due to natural disasters.

With a heart full of resentment it is difficult to calm down secretly blaming the rulers for the appearance of disasters. Don't they know about the great achievements of Tang Yao and Yu Shun as well as the customs of the Xia Shang and Zhou dynasties? The current customs are different from those of the ancient three dynasties and cannot be restored. Perhaps the achievements of the past have decayed over time. The country's laws and regulations are so wrong political measures are inappropriate and violate the system. The stagnant and hidden yin energy is due to the implementation of tyrannical rule making the people unable to make a living.

Ah! It is painful to see the severity of the drought. What sin have the people committed to deserve no blessings from heaven? How cruel are the gods of the fields lacking in virtue! Since people have been born why not give them happiness? The drought clouds come fiercely and when they leave they are restless. People eagerly anticipate rain but the result is heartbreaking. It is miserable and desolate making people feel uneasy. Thinking of those white clouds it is 《旱云赋》译文及注释详情»

创作背景

这篇创作背景描述了贾谊创作《大旱赋》的背景。根据《史记》和《汉书》的记载,这篇赋描写了汉文帝前元九年(前171年)盛夏的大旱。在此之前,贾谊经历了统治集团的迫害,并且被谪居生活了四年以上,对当时朝廷的黑暗有了一定的认识。然而,贾谊的雄心仍未泯灭,他仍然希望竭力救治。当时,大旱发生在方圆二、三千里的范围内,禾苗枯死,百姓饥馑。贾谊作为一位政治家,对此非常关注,因此创作了这篇赋文。 《旱云赋》创作背景详情»

赏析

此赋以骚体形式写就,情感激烈,语言生动形象。赋文分为四段,每一段都有独特的描写和批评。

第一段开头写出了云的变化,通过描绘阴云密布的奇异形态,展现了人们盼望积云的情景。作者借指斥天而对在位者提出批判的思想也在其中含蓄地表现出来。风云涌起,四方弥漫,如水波激荡,重叠突起,翻腾并兴。阴云经天,高崇隆起,时聚时散,既像猛虎惊吓而奔走,又似飞龙恐骇而腾跃。这些形容词和比喻形象地再现了旱云密布的奇异景象。雷电交加更是动人心魄,然而却只是带来了失望。

第二段描写了阴云消散后的大旱灾情。烈日当空,酷暑高温,砂石被烤,河流枯竭,旱风含热,禾苗枯死。农夫面对这样的灾情,心急如焚,无可奈何,垂衣拱手,弃锄流泪。这些描写表达了作者对农夫的深切同情。而作者并没有停留在描写现状、同情民难的层面,而是透过现象揭示了灾难背后的社会政治原因。

第三段大胆地批评了时政的过失。直指统治者的罪过,批判朝政的过错。这一段表达了作者对时政的不满和愤怒。

最后一段以“怨天”结尾,既含蓄又明确,耐人寻味。作者对上天与田神等的怨怼,表达了对灾难的无奈和对命运的抱怨。

整篇赋文通过抒情与叙述的有机结合,描写了大旱之时天上云的变化和对灾情的揭示与批评。情感激烈,语言生动形象,使读者能够深刻感受到作者对时政和灾难的关切和愤怒。 《旱云赋》赏析详情»

五代诗人贾谊的照片
贾谊

贾谊(前200~前168),汉族,洛阳(今河南省洛阳市东)人,字太傅。他是西汉初年著名的政论家、文学家。贾谊在18岁时就展现出了才华,年轻时受到河南郡守吴公的推荐,不久后被文帝召为博士。仅仅一年的时间,他就被破格提升为太中大夫。然而,在23岁时,由于遭到群臣的忌恨,贾谊被贬为长沙王的太傅。后来,他又被召回长安,担任梁怀王的太傅。梁怀王坠马而死后,贾谊深感自责,直至33岁因忧伤而去世。

贾谊的著作主要分为散文和辞赋两类。他的散文作品包括《过秦论》、《论积贮疏》、《陈政事疏》等,这些作品都非常有名。而他的辞赋作品以《吊屈原赋》、《鵩鸟赋》最为著名。贾谊的作品在当时具有很高的影响力,他的政论文章尤其被人们所称道。他的作品思想深刻,文笔优美,被誉为西汉时期最杰出的文学家之一。

总结:贾谊是西汉初年的著名政论家和文学家,他的才华早在年轻时就得到了认可。尽管他曾经历过贬谪和自责,但他的作品却流传至今,被人们广泛赞誉。他的散文作品如《过秦论》等思想深刻,文笔优美;而他的辞赋作品如《吊屈原赋》等也备受称赞。贾谊被视为西汉时期最杰出的文学家之一。

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