《饮茶歌诮崔石使君》原文赏析
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yǐn饮chá茶gē歌qiào诮cuī崔shí石shǐ使jūn君
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[táng唐dài代]jiǎo皎rán然
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yuè越rén人yí遗wǒ我yǎn剡xī溪míng茗，cǎi采dé得jīn金yá牙cuàn爨jīn金dǐng鼎。
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sù素cí瓷xuě雪sè色piǎo缥mò沫xiāng香，hé何sì似zhū诸xiān仙qióng琼ruǐ蕊jiāng浆。
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yī一yǐn饮dí涤hūn昏meì寐，qíng情lái来lǎng朗shuǎng爽mǎn满tiān天dì地。
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zài再yǐn饮qīng清wǒ我shén神，hū忽rú如feī飞yǔ雨sǎ洒qīng轻chén尘。
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sān三yǐn饮biàn便dé得dào道，hé何xū须kǔ苦xīn心pò破fán烦nǎo恼。
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cǐ此wù物qīng清gāo高shì世mò莫zhī知，shì世rén人yǐn饮jiǔ酒duō多zì自qī欺。
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chóu愁kàn看bì毕zhuō卓wèng瓮jiān间yè夜，xiào笑xiàng向táo陶qián潜lí篱xià下shí时。
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cuī崔hóu侯chuò啜zhī之yì意bù不yǐ已，kuáng狂gē歌yī一qǔ曲jīng惊rén人ěr耳。
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shú孰zhī知chá茶dào道quán全ěr尔zhēn真，weí唯yǒu有dān丹qiū丘dé得rú如cǐ此。
译文及注释
Translation:
The people of Yue sent me the famous tea from Shanxi picking the tender tea leaves and brewing them in tea utensils. The tea soup in the white porcelain bowl is filled with green foam like the essence of the immortal tree falling from the sky. After drinking it I feel refreshed and my mind is clear with thoughts filling the world. Drinking it again cleanses my mind like a sudden rain falling on light dust. After three cups I attain the true path without the need to struggle with worries. The world doesn't know the purity of this tea as people deceive themselves and others by drinking alcohol. I pity Bi Zhuo who indulges in drinking and spends the night by the wine jar and I laugh at Tao Yuanming's drinking poems written under the eastern fence. When Cui Shijun drinks too much he even sings astonishing songs. Who knows that drinking tea can lead to the true path? Only the legendary immortal Dan Qiu Zi understands.
Annotations:
诮 (qiào): Originally means to mock. Here the character 诮 is not derogatory but rather has a humorous and teasing meaning mocking Cui Shijun's inability to handle tea. Cui Shijun was appointed as the governor of Huzhou in the early Zhenyuan period while Monk Jiaoran lived in Miaoxi Temple in Huzhou.
越: Ancient Shaoxing.
遗 (wèi): To give as a gift.
剡溪: A water name. 剡溪 is located in the eastern part of Zhejiang also known as Shanjiang or Shanchuan. It is more than 200 kilometers long and is an ancient river that has existed for thousands of years. It winds around the three famous mountains of Kuaiji Siming and Tiantai from Xinchang to Xikou with its clear streams and stunning scenery. As early as the Qin and Han dynasties there was a saying There are Tiantai Mountain and Shanxi River. Li Bai wrote in his poem Send me to Shanxi River; Du Fu wrote in his poem Shanxi River is extraordinary. More than 400 Tang Dynasty poets left their footprints here in the Shanxi River area so Shanxi River is also known as the Road of Tang Poetry. Shanxi River tea became famous because of Monk Jiaoran's poem. However in this context Shanxi River should specifically refer to Shengzhou.
金芽: Goose-yellow tender tea leaves.
爨 (cuàn): To cook in this context it means to boil or brew tea.
金鼎: A wind furnace tea brewing utensils.
素瓷雪色: The tea soup in the white porcelain bowl.
缥 (piǎo) 沫香: Green foam.
琼蕊: The essence of the immortal tree consuming it leads to immortality.
毕卓: A person from the Jin Dynasty known for his love of alcohol. One night he sneaked away to steal someone's wine got drunk and lost consciousness and was tied up by his companions and placed by the wine jar. The next day the shopkeeper saw him tied up and thought he was a government official from the Ministry of Personnel.
《饮茶歌诮崔石使君》译文及注释详情»
创作背景
《饮茶歌诮崔石使君》这首诗是诗僧皎然与他的朋友崔刺史一起品尝越州茶时即兴创作的。皎然长期隐居在湖州的杼山妙喜寺，虽然隐居，但他并没有隐瞒自己的存在，与当时的知名僧侣、权贵人物有着广泛的联系。崔石在贞元年间（唐德宗年号，公元785—805年）初次被任命为湖州刺史，当时皎然正居住在湖州的妙喜寺，两人一起品茶，皎然便创作了这首诗作。 《饮茶歌诮崔石使君》创作背景详情»
鉴赏
《饮茶歌诮崔石使君》是一首充满浪漫主义与现实主义相结合的诗篇。诗人在品尝了友人赠送的剡溪茶后，情感激荡，灵感如泉涌井喷。他从友人赠送剡溪名茶开始，赞美了剡溪茶的珍贵，称赞其清雅的香气和甘露琼浆般的滋味。在细致描绘了茶的色、香、味之后，诗人生动地描绘了一饮、再饮、三饮的感受。接着，诗人迅速转到“三饮”的功能上。他将“三饮”神韵相连，层层深入，将品茶的精神享受歌颂得最完美、最动人。
这首诗给人留下了两层意义。首先是“三饮”的含义。现代人在品茶时常常引用“一饮涤昏寐”、“再饮清我神”、“三饮便得道”的说法。汉字“品”由三个“口”组成，而品茶一杯需要分三次品味，即一杯茶要分三口品尝。其次是“茶道”由此而来，具有非凡的意义。茶叶起源于中国，茶道也起源于中国。“茶道”中的“道”并非道家的“道”，而是集儒、释、道三教之真谛。儒家主张“正”，道家主张“清”，佛家主张“和”，而茶则主张“雅”，这构成了中国茶道的重要内涵。皎然在诗中首次提到“茶道”，使茶道一开始就带有浓厚的宗教色彩，这是中唐时期以湖州为中心的茶文化圈内任何僧侣、文人所无法比拟的。结合皎然在其他重要茶事活动中的表现，可以认为他是中国禅宗茶道的创立者。他认为饮茶不仅能够清醒思维、提神，更是修行的途径，通过三次品茶就能够达到全然的真实。通过品茶，思想可以升华，超越人生，超越物质世界，达到羽化成仙或参禅修行的美妙境界，这是中国古代茶道的主要类型之一。皎然的“三饮便得道”将品茶活动视为修行悟道的一条捷径，通过品茶活动，可以获得物我两忘的心灵感受，达到仙人般的精神境界。
总之，《饮茶歌诮崔石使君》是一首充满浪漫主义与现实主义相结合的诗篇，通过赞美剡溪茶的珍贵和品茶的精神享受，诗人将饮茶活动与修行悟道相结合，展示了中国古代茶道的独特魅力。
《饮茶歌诮崔石使君》鉴赏详情»
皎然
僧皎然（730-799），俗姓谢，字清昼，湖州（浙江吴兴）人，是中国山水诗创始人谢灵运的十世孙。他是唐代著名诗人、茶僧，吴兴杼山妙喜寺的主持。他在文学、佛学、茶学等方面都有很高的造诣。
皎然与颜真卿、灵澈、陆羽等人合作创作了许多诗歌作品，目前还保存有他的470首诗。这些诗歌大多是送别和酬答之作，情调闲适，语言简淡，给人以宁静和舒适的感觉。
除了诗歌创作，皎然还著有一部诗歌理论著作《诗式》。这本著作对诗歌的形式和风格进行了深入的探讨，对后世的诗歌创作产生了重要影响。
关于皎然的出生和死亡的具体时间和细节，目前的资料并不详细。但可以确定的是，他生于730年，逝世于799年。
鲁郡尧祠送窦明府薄华还西京
唐代 李白
朝策犁眉騧，举鞭力不堪。
强扶愁疾向何处，角巾微服尧祠南。
长杨扫地不见日，石门喷作金沙潭。
笑夸故人指绝境，山光水色青于蓝。
庙中往往来击鼓，尧本无心尔何苦。
门前长跪双石人，有女如花日歌舞。
银鞍绣毂往复回，簸林蹶石鸣风雷。
远烟空翠时明灭，白鸥历乱长飞雪。
红泥亭子赤阑干，碧流环转青锦湍。
深沉百丈洞海底，那知不有蛟龙蟠。
君不见绿珠潭水流东海，绿珠红粉沉光彩。
绿珠楼下花满园，今日曾无一枝在。
昨夜秋声阊阖来，洞庭木落骚人哀。
遂将三五少年辈，登高远望形神开。
生前一笑轻九鼎，魏武何悲铜雀台。
我歌白云倚窗牖，尔闻其声但挥手。
长风吹月度海来，遥劝仙人一杯酒。
酒中乐酣宵向分，举觞酹尧尧可闻。
何不令皋繇拥篲横八极，直上青天挥浮云。
高阳小饮真琐琐，山公酩酊何如我。
竹林七子去道赊，兰亭雄笔安足夸。
尧祠笑杀五湖水，至今憔悴空荷花。
尔向西秦我东越，暂向瀛洲访金阙。
蓝田太白若可期，为余扫洒石上月。