《西江月·赋瑶圃青梅枝上晚花》原文赏析
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xī西jiāng江yuè月·fù赋yáo瑶pǔ圃qīng青meí梅zhī枝shàng上wǎn晚huā花
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[sòng宋dài代]wú吴wén文yīng英
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zhī枝niǎo袅yī一hén痕xuě雪zài在，yè叶zàng藏jǐ几dòu豆chūn春nóng浓。yù玉nú奴zuì最wǎn晚jià嫁dōng东fēng风。lái来jié结lí梨huā花yōu幽mèng梦。
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xiāng香lì力tiān添xūn熏luó罗beì被，shòu瘦jī肌yóu犹qiè怯bīng冰xiāo绡。lǜ绿yīn阴qīng青zǐ子lǎo老xī溪qiáo桥。xiū羞jiàn见dōng东lín邻jiāo娇xiǎo小。
译文及注释
Translation:
In a garden there stands a green plum tree swaying in the wind with traces of snow still on its branches. Several green plums have quietly appeared among the green leaves revealing a strong sense of spring. Plum blossoms usually bloom earlier than pear blossoms but these few plum blossoms have bloomed later. Finally they have waited for the opportunity to meet the spring breeze as if they have made an appointment with the pear blossoms to meet in their dreams.
The fragrance of the plum blossoms is like the scent emitted by a beautiful woman's robe while the plum blossoms not yet fallen or withered resemble the delicate body of a thin and weak woman as if unable to bear the weight of even a light silk garment. As the woman gradually ages like the plum tree turning into shade and bearing fruit her appearance will no longer be as beautiful as before. Therefore she is afraid to meet her petite neighbor again.
Annotations:
- Xi Jiang Yue: a famous tune originally a Tang Dynasty court song named after a line from Li Bai's poem Only the Xi Jiang Moon Remains. A Tang Dynasty pipa score was discovered in Dunhuang during the Qing Dynasty but it had no lyrics. The tune can be found in the collection Zun Qian Ji also known as Jiang Yue Ling Bu Xu Ci Hu Tian Xiao Bai Ping Xiang Yu Lu San Jian Xue. It consists of 50 characters with four lines of two flat tones each and the final line with a different tone. Shen Yifu's Le Fu Zhi Mi states: The beginning of 'Xi Jiang Yue' has a flat tone rhyme the second and fourth lines have flat tones and the rhyme is oblique. For example if the flat tone is 'dong' the oblique tone should be 'dong' or 'dong'. In this poem the two parts do not have the same rhyme the first part has the first rhyme group dong and the second part has the eighth rhyme group xiao which is a change in rhyme.
- Yao Pu: refers to the private garden of Zhao Si Rong the King of Si Rong located in Yuezhou (now Shaoxing Zhejiang). It is a detailed description in the book Gui Xin Za Shi.
- Wan Hua: refers to the plums that have already borne fruit while there are still remaining flowers on the branches hence called wan hua.
- Niao: swaying.
- Yi Hen Xue: refers to the few late-blooming pure white plum blossoms resembling traces of lingering snow. Hen means traces.
- Ji Dou: refers to the plums.
- Yu Nu: refers to Pan Fei the concubine of Emperor Dong Hun Hou of the Southern Qi Dynasty whose nickname was Yu Nu. When Emperor Dong Hun Hou was defeated in battle Yu Nu died with him. In ancient times Yu Nu was often used to refer to women and in this context it refers to the green plums.
- Xun: incense burner.
- Shou Ji: refers to the thin and delicate petals.
- Bing Xiao: refers to pure white silk products.
- Qing Zi: refers to green plums.
- Dong Lin: a phrase from Song Yu's Deng Tu Zi Hao Se Fu: Among all the beauties in the world none can compare to those in the Chu State. Among the beauties in the Chu State none can compare to the daughter of my neighbor. ...
《西江月·赋瑶圃青梅枝上晚花》译文及注释详情»
创作背景
这篇创作背景描述了一位词人在宋理宗景定元年（1260年）前后再次前往越州，并在嗣荣王邸客居期间，被瑶圃这一景观所吸引，从而即兴创作了这首词。
在这个时期，词人再次来到越州，可能是为了寻找灵感或者是因为其他的原因。他选择在嗣荣王邸客居，这个地方可能是他在越州的居住地。在这里，词人有机会欣赏到了瑶圃这一景观。
瑶圃可能是一个美丽的花园或者是一个种满花草的地方。它可能被精心设计和布置，以展示自然的美丽和人工的艺术。这个景观给词人留下了深刻的印象，激发了他的创作灵感。
在这个美丽的瑶圃中，词人感受到了大自然的魅力和生命的活力。他可能看到了各种各样的花朵和植物，它们在微风中摇曳生姿，散发出迷人的芳香。这些景象让词人感到宁静和愉悦，同时也激发了他对美的赞美和表达的欲望。
受到瑶圃的启发，词人即兴创作了这首词。他可能用优美的语言描绘了瑶圃的美丽和神奇，表达了自己对大自然的赞美和对生命的热爱。这首词可能充满了诗意和情感，通过词人的笔触，读者可以感受到他对瑶圃的热爱和对美的追求。
总之，这篇创作背景描述了词人在宋理宗景定元年前后再次来到越州，在嗣荣王邸客居期间，被瑶圃这一景观所吸引，并即兴创作了这首词。这个背景为读者提供了了解词人创作动机和灵感来源的背景信息，使读者更好地理解和欣赏这首词的内涵和情感。
《西江月·赋瑶圃青梅枝上晚花》创作背景详情»
鉴赏
的娇艳。整首词以拟人化的手法，将梅花描绘得生动而有情感，展现出梅花的独特魅力和美丽。
词的上片以“一痕雪”形容梅花，将其与雪相比，表达出梅花的纯洁和易于零落的特点。同时，用“袅”字形容梅花，给人以虚幻缥缈的感觉。词的开头就勾勒出了一幅优美的画面，展现出梅花的坚韧和深情。
接下来的句子化用欧阳修的诗句，将梅花比作青豆，构思巧妙。这句也暗含梅花在叶间的美丽，更加凸显了梅花的春意盎然。而“玉奴最晚嫁东风，来结梨花幽梦”一韵，则将晚梅比作绝色美人，沉湎于幽梦之中，与梨花形成鲜明对比。这句巧妙地运用了苏轼和李贺的诗句，表达出晚梅与梨花之间的特殊关系。
词的下片继续以拟人之笔，描绘梅花的冰肌玉骨、香气袭人和娇丽姿容。词人通过“香力添熏罗被，瘦肌犹怯冰绡”一韵，表达出对梅花的怜爱之情。梅花的香气弥漫在罗被上，而梅花的花形则宛如身着冰绡，展现出梅花的娇美和柔韧。
最后一韵以“青梅枝上晚花”收尾，与词题相呼应。在绿阴下的溪桥边，青梅日益成熟，而枝上的晚花却更加妖娆。通过对比，表达出青梅对晚花的羞愧和自惭形秽。词尾以烘云托月的笔法，刻画出青梅的心理，展现出梅枝的娇艳。
整首词通过拟人化的手法，将梅花描绘得生动而有情感，展现出梅花的独特魅力和美丽。词人巧妙地运用了诗句和意象，使词中的梅花更加丰富多彩。整体而言，这篇鉴赏描绘了梅花的冰清玉洁、娇美柔韧以及带给人间的浓郁春意，展现出梅花的独特魅力和美丽。
《西江月·赋瑶圃青梅枝上晚花》鉴赏详情»
吴文英
吴文英（约1200～1260），字君特，号梦窗，晚年又号觉翁，四明（今浙江宁波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。
吴文英是南宋时期的一位著名词人，他的词作数量丰富，风格雅致。他的词集《梦窗词集》存有三百四十余首词，分为四卷本和一卷本。
吴文英的词作以酬答、伤时与忆悼之作为主要题材，他的词作被称为“词中李商隐”，显示出他对李商隐的倾慕和受影响。然而，对于吴文英的词作，后世的品评却存在争论。
除了他的词作，关于吴文英的生平和死亡的具体细节目前尚不清楚。