译文:
秋风萧瑟,天气清冷,草木凋落,白露凝霜。
The autumn wind is bleak the weather is cold the grass and trees wither and the white dew freezes into frost.
燕群辞归,天鹅南飞。思念出外远游的良人啊,我肝肠寸断。
The swallows bid farewell and return the swans fly south. Oh how I miss my beloved who is far away my heart is broken.
思虑冲冲,怀念故乡。君为何故,久留他方。
Thoughts and worries fill my mind longing for my hometown. Why my dear do you stay away for so long?
贱妾孤零零的空守闺房,忧愁的时候思念君子啊,我不能忘怀。不知不觉中珠泪下落,打湿了我的衣裳。
I a lowly woman am left alone in the empty chamber thinking of you in times of sorrow I cannot forget. Unknowingly tears fall like pearls wetting my clothes.
拿过古琴,拨弄琴弦却发出丝丝哀怨。短歌轻吟,似续还断。
I take the ancient qin and pluck the strings emitting a sorrowful sound. Singing a short song softly it seems to continue but also to break.
那皎洁的月光啊照着我的空床,星河沉沉向西流,忧心不寐夜漫长。
The bright moonlight shines on my empty bed the Milky Way flows westward the night is long with restless worries.
牵牛织女啊远远的互相观望,你们究竟有什么罪过,被天河阻挡。
The Cowherd and the Weaving Maid looking at each other from afar what sins have you committed to be blocked by the Milky Way?
注释:
本篇属《相和歌辞·平调曲》。燕是北方边地,征戍不绝,所以《燕歌行》多半写离别。
This piece belongs to the Xianghe Ge Ci - Ping Diao Qu. Yan is a border area in the north with continuous military expeditions so Yan Ge Xing mostly writes about parting.
摇落:凋残。
摇落 means withering and falling.
鹄:天鹅。
鹄 means swan.
“君何”句:一作“何为淹留寄他方”。
The phrase 君何 can also be written as 何为淹留寄他方.
慊慊(qiàn qiàn ) :空虚之感。
慊慊(qiàn qiàn) means a sense of emptiness.
淹留:久留。上句是设想对方必然思归,本句是因其不归而生疑问。
淹留 means staying for a long time. The previous sentence assumes that the other person must be thinking of returning while this sentence raises doubts because they haven't returned.
茕茕(qióngqióng):孤独无依的样子。出自《楚辞·九章·思美人》:“独茕茕而南行兮,思彭咸之故也。”
茕茕(qióngqióng) means being alone and without support. It comes from the poem Si Mei Ren in the Nine Songs section of the Chu Ci: Alone and unsupported I travel south thinking of the reason for Peng Xian's departure.
援:执,持。清商:乐名。清商音节短促,所以下句说“短歌微吟不能长”。
援 means to hold or grasp. Qing Shang is the name of a musical piece. Qing Shang has short and quick notes so the next sentence says the short song softly sung cannot last.
夜未央:夜已深而未尽的时候。古人用观察星象的方法测定时间,这诗所描写的景色是初秋的夜间,牛郎星、织女星在银河两旁, 初秋傍晚时正见于天顶, 这时银河应该西南指,现在说“星汉西流”,就是银河转向西,表示夜已很深了。
夜未央 means that the night is already deep but not yet over. In ancient times people used to observe the stars to determine the time. The scenery described in this poem is a night in early autumn with the Cowherd Star and the Weaving Maid Star on both sides of the Milky Way. In the early evening of early autumn they are seen directly above. At this time the Milky Way should be pointing southwest. Saying 星汉西流 means that the Milky Way is turning west indicating that the night is already deep.
尔:指牵牛、织女。河梁:河上的桥。传说牵牛和织女隔着天河,只能在每年七月七日相见,喜鹊为他们搭桥。
尔 refers to the Cowherd and the Weaving Maid. 河梁 means a bridge over the river. According to legend the Cowherd and the Weaving Maid are separated by the Milky Way and can only meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. Magpies build a bridge for them.
《燕歌行二首·其一》译文及注释详情»
这首七言诗是今存最早的一首完整的七言诗,具有重要的历史意义。诗歌以描绘秋色为开头,展示了一幅萧条的景色,同时也牵引出了思妇对丈夫的思念之情。诗中运用了委婉清丽的语言,将写景与抒情巧妙地交融在一起。
诗歌通过描绘秋风萧瑟、草木零落、白露为霜、候鸟南飞等景象,表达了思妇内心的寂寞和对丈夫的思念。最后几句以清冷的月色来渲染深闺的寂寞,以牵牛星与织女星的“限河梁”来表现思妇的哀怒,给人留下了深刻的印象。
诗歌在描写思妇的内心活动时,采用了曲折的笔法。通过写丈夫思归恋故乡、设想他为何淹留寄他方,再转为写自己忧来思君不敢忘,整日里在相思中过活,以及想借琴歌排遣却不能长久,只好望月兴叹等手法,将思妇内心的柔情细腻地展现出来。
这首诗采用了仿柏梁体的形式,句句用韵,节奏流畅。王夫之称赞此诗为“倾情、倾度、倾声,古今无两”,虽然是溢美之辞,但这首诗实际上是叠韵歌行之祖,对后世七言歌行的创作产生了重要影响。
总的来说,这首七言诗以其委婉清丽的语言、感情缠绵的描写和巧妙交融的写景与抒情,成为了古代诗歌史上的一颗璀璨明珠,对后世的诗歌创作产生了深远的影响。
《燕歌行二首·其一》历史评价详情»
《秋风词》也有:“秋风萧瑟天气凉,草木摇落露为霜。群燕辞归雁南翔。”这种借写秋景以抒发离别之情的手法,曹丕在《燕歌行》中也运用得非常巧妙。
接下来的几句,“青云直上赤霄间,几人能得几人闲?落叶他乡皆寂寞,不见长安见尘雁。”通过描绘天空中的青云直上赤霄间,表达了主人公的壮志豪情和追求卓越的心态。而“几人能得几人闲”则表达了主人公在战乱之中的辛苦和无奈。接着,通过描写落叶他乡的寂寞和不见长安的尘雁,进一步强调了主人公的孤独和远离家乡的苦楚。
“战士军前半死生,美人帐下犹歌舞。大漠穷秋塞草衰,孤城落日斗兵稀。”这两句描写了战士们在战场上的生死悲欢和美人们在帐下的欢歌舞蹈。通过对战场和后方生活的对比,展现了主人公身处战乱之中的艰辛和痛苦。而“大漠穷秋塞草衰,孤城落日斗兵稀”则进一步强调了战乱带来的荒凉和孤寂。
最后两句,“铁衣冷战百战衰,城头余杏断人肠。”通过描写铁衣冷战和城头上的断肠杏花,表达了主人公对战争的厌恶和对家乡的思念之情。这两句以悲凉的意象作为结尾,给整首诗增添了一丝凄美的色彩。
总的来说,曹丕的《燕歌行》通过描绘深秋的肃杀景象和战乱带来的苦难,表达了对下层人民疾苦的关心与同情。通过借写秋景以抒发离别之情的手法,曹丕成功地营造出一种空旷、寂寞、衰落的氛围,使读者能够深切感受到主人公的孤独和苦楚。整首诗以悲凉的意象作为结尾,给人留下了深刻的印象。
《燕歌行二首·其一》赏析详情»
曹丕(187年冬-226年6月29日),字子桓,是三国时期曹魏的开国皇帝。他在位期间,致力于平定边患,击退鲜卑,并与匈奴、氐、羌等外夷修好,恢复了汉朝在西域的设置。除了军事和政治方面的成就,曹丕自幼就对文学有浓厚的兴趣,他在诗、赋、文学等方面都有很高的造诣,尤其擅长于五言诗。他与其父曹操和弟曹植并称为“三曹”,至今还有他的诗集《魏文帝集》流传下来。此外,曹丕还著有《典论》,其中的《论文》是中国文学史上第一部有系统的文学批评专论作品。
曹丕去世后,被追尊为高祖(《资治通鉴》作世祖),谥号为文皇帝。他被葬于首阳陵。