译文及注释

Translation:

The capital city of the Western Han Dynasty Chang'an was covered with dark clouds and Li Jue Guo Si and others caused trouble here. I reluctantly bid farewell to my hometown in the Central Plains and entrusted myself to the distant Jingman. Relatives shed tears as they saw me off and friends clung to the carriage unwilling to part. As I walked out the door all I saw was desolation with only piles of white bones covering the outskirts. A hungry woman sat by the roadside with a hungry look on her face gently placing her child in the grass. The baby's cries tore at the mother's heart and lungs and the hungry woman couldn't help but look back but eventually shed tears and walked away alone. I don't even know where I will die who can save both me and my child? Before she finished speaking I quickly rode away unable to bear listening to these heartbreaking words. As I climbed the high ground of Baling I continued south but when I looked back I gazed at Chang'an the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. I understood the feelings of the poet of the poem Xia Quan who missed the wise emperor and couldn't help but feel sad and sigh.

Annotations:
- Chang'an: Refers to the capital city of the Western Han Dynasty. After the chaos caused by Dong Zhuo Emperor Xian of Han was moved from Luoyang to Chang'an.
- Wuxiang: Without order or system.
- Chaihu: Refers to Li Jue Guo Si and other generals under Dong Zhuo.
- Guohuan: Causing disasters for the people.
- Zhongguo: The Central Plains region.
- Weishen: To place oneself.
- Jingman: Refers to Jingzhou. In ancient times people from the Central Plains referred to the southern ethnic groups as man and Jingzhou was located in the south hence the term Jingman. Many people fled to Jingzhou to escape the war. Liu Biao the governor of Jingzhou had a close relationship with Wang Can's grandfather Wang Chang and Wang Can sought refuge with him.
- Zhuipan: Clinging and unwilling to part.
- Wan: To save.
- Baling: The tomb of Emperor Wen of Han located in present-day Chang'an County Shaanxi Province. An: High slope or hill. Emperor Wen of Han was the most famous emperor during the 400 years of the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties. The social order during this period was relatively stable and the economy developed rapidly. Therefore Wang Can contrasts this with the current reality to express his feelings.
- Xia Quan: A title of a poem in the Book of Songs believed by scholars of the Han Dynasty to be a poem expressing the longing of the people of Cao for their wise king. Xia Quan refers to underground springs.
- Kui Ran: A sorrowful appearance. The last four lines of the poem express the author's feelings when facing Emperor Wen of Han. 《七哀诗三首·其一》译文及注释详情»

创作背景

创作背景：

这篇诗是王粲在公元192年初平三年的六月所写。当时，董卓的部下李催和郭汜在长安发动了叛乱，他们肆意烧杀劫掠。面对这场混乱，王粲决定逃往荆州，寻求刘表的庇护。这首诗是他在离开长安前往荆州的途中所创作的。当时，王粲只有十六岁。

在这个时期，董卓的统治导致了社会的动荡和不安。李催和郭汜的叛乱使得长安成为了一片火海，人们生命和财产都面临着巨大的威胁。面对这种局势，王粲决定离开长安，寻找一个相对安全的地方。他选择了荆州，因为他知道刘表是一个有能力保护他的人。

王粲在离开长安的途中，他的内心充满了不安和恐惧。他对未来充满了疑虑，不知道自己是否能够安全到达荆州。然而，他也充满了希望和勇气，相信自己能够逃离这场灾难，重新开始新的生活。

这首诗展现了王粲年少时的坚强和乐观。尽管他面临着巨大的困难和危险，但他依然保持着积极的态度。他用诗歌表达了自己的情感和思考，同时也展示了他对未来的希望和憧憬。这首诗成为了他逃离长安的见证，也是他坚持追求自由和幸福的动力。 《七哀诗三首·其一》创作背景详情»

鉴赏

攀”的不仅有“朋友”，还有“亲戚”。诗人离开长安，亲戚和朋友都感到悲伤，纷纷追赶送别。这里描绘了诗人离别时的情感和离别的场景。

“乡国多风雨，途中有骨寒。”这两句写诗人离开长安后的艰辛旅程。离开故乡，诗人经历了许多风雨，途中的艰辛使他感到骨寒。这里通过自然景物的描写，表达了诗人内心的苦楚和无奈。

“江山如故在，人事已蹉跎。”这两句写诗人离开长安后的感慨。虽然江山依旧，但人事已经改变，诗人感叹时光的流逝和人事的蹉跎。这里通过对比江山和人事的变化，表达了诗人对时光流转的无奈和对人生的思考。

“白发悲花落，青云羡鸟过。”这两句写诗人离开长安后的心情。诗人已经年老，白发悲叹花落，而年轻的人们却在追逐青云，羡慕鸟儿自由飞翔。这里通过对自然景物的描写，表达了诗人对年华逝去和对年轻时光的羡慕。

“世事如棋局，人生似游戏。”这两句写诗人对人生的思考。诗人认为世事如棋局，人生如游戏，暗示人生充满了变数和无常，需要智慧和技巧去应对。这里通过对棋局和游戏的比喻，表达了诗人对人生的深刻思考。

整首诗以离别为主题，通过描绘离别时的情景和离别后的感慨，表达了诗人对时光流转、人事变迁和人生意义的思考。诗人以深沉的哀伤和对人生的思考，展现了他对离别和人生的独特见解。