原文: 噫吁嚱,危乎高哉!
蜀道之难,难于上青天!
蚕丛及鱼凫,开国何茫然!
尔来四万八千岁,不与秦塞通人烟。
西当太白有鸟道,可以横绝峨眉巅。
地崩山摧壮士死,然后天梯石栈相钩连。
上有六龙回日之高标,下有冲波逆折之回川。
黄鹤之飞尚不得过,猿猱欲度愁攀援。(攀援 一作:攀缘)
青泥何盘盘,百步九折萦岩峦。
扪参历井仰胁息,以手抚膺坐长叹。
问君西游何时还?畏途巉岩不可攀。
但见悲鸟号古木,雄飞雌从绕林间。
又闻子规啼夜月,愁空山。
蜀道之难,难于上青天,使人听此凋朱颜!
连峰去天不盈尺,枯松倒挂倚绝壁。
飞湍瀑流争喧豗,砯崖转石万壑雷。
其险也如此,嗟尔远道之人胡为乎来哉!(也如此 一作:也若此)
剑阁峥嵘而崔嵬,一夫当关,万夫莫开。
所守或匪亲,化为狼与豺。
朝避猛虎,夕避长蛇;磨牙吮血,杀人如麻。
锦城虽云乐,不如早还家。
蜀道之难,难于上青天,侧身西望长咨嗟!
Translation:
Oh my goodness! How majestic and towering!
The Shu Road is difficult to climb it is as difficult as reaching the heavens.
Legend has it that the silkworms and fish built the Shu Kingdom but the exact founding date is too ancient to discuss.
From that time until now it has been about 48000 years. The Qin and Shu regions were separated by the Qinling Mountains and had no communication.
To the west Mount Taibai is steep and impassable only birds can pass through. This mountain leads directly to the peak of Mount Emei.
The mountain collapsed and buried five heroic pioneers connecting the dangerous mountain roads and plank roads.
In Shu there is a mountain peak that blocks the sun god's six dragon chariots and below is a turbulent river with winding curves.
Even the yellow crane known for its ability to fly high cannot fly over it. Even monkeys would struggle to climb over it.
The muddy road of Qingni Ridge twists and turns winding around the mountains.
Holding your breath and looking up you can touch the stars and constellations. It is so tense that you can't breathe and you can't help but sigh.
My dear friend when will you return from your journey to the west? This treacherous Shu Road is truly difficult to climb!
Only the mournful bird cries on the ancient tree; the male and female birds fly together among the dense trees.
On moonlit nights the cuckoo's mournful cries echo in the empty mountains causing endless sorrow and thoughts.
The Shu Road is difficult to climb it is as difficult as reaching the heavens. How can one not be shocked by hearing these words?
The mountain peaks are connected but they are less than a foot away from the sky. The withered pine branches hang upside down between the cliffs.
Whirlpools spin and waterfalls rush creating a noisy scene. The rushing water hits the boulders and rolls in the valley like thunder.
In such a dangerous place oh my goodness why did you a guest from afar have to come here?
Jiange is located in a steep and towering place reaching high into the clouds. It is difficult for a thousand soldiers to capture it if guarded by one person.
If the stationed officials are not trustworthy they are likely to become wolves and cause chaos in the dangerous location.
Every day and night one must avoid fierce tigers and long snakes. They grind their teeth and drink blood killing people like crazy.
Although Jin Guan City is said to be a happy place it is better to return home early in such a dangerous place.
The Shu Road is difficult to climb it is as difficult as reaching the heavens. Looking westward one cannot help but feel emotional and sigh deeply.
Annotations:
Shu Dao Nan: An ancient song belonging to the Xianghe Song · Se Tune genre.
Yi Yu Xi: An exclamation sound in the Shu dialect expressing surprise.
《蜀道难》译文及注释详情»
《蜀道难》是唐代诗人李白创作的一首诗。关于这首诗的创作背景,有四种主要说法。
第一种说法认为,这首诗是李白和房琯、杜甫两人担忧的表达,希望他们早日离开四川,避免受到剑南节度使严武的威胁。
第二种说法认为,这首诗是为了劝告唐玄宗李隆基,他在安史之乱期间逃亡至蜀地,希望他回到长安,避免受到四川地方军阀的控制。
第三种说法认为,这首诗是讽刺当时蜀地长官章仇兼琼,他想通过割据行动来脱离朝廷的控制。
第四种说法认为,这首诗纯粹是歌咏山水风光,没有特定的寓意。
这首诗最早见于唐代殷璠所编的《河岳英灵集》,该书编成于唐玄宗天宝十二年(753年)。因此,李白创作这首诗的时间最晚应该在《河岳英灵集》编成之前。那时,安史之乱还没有发生,唐玄宗还居住在长安,房琯和杜甫也还没有去四川。因此,前两种说法显然是错误的。至于讽刺章仇兼琼的说法,从一些史书的记载来看,也缺乏证据。相对而言,最后一种说法更加客观,更接近于作品的实际情况。
有学者认为,这首诗可能是李白在天宝元年至三年(742至744年)期间在长安为送友人王炎入蜀而写的,目的是劝告王炎不要留在蜀地,早日回到长安,避免受到嫉妒小人的伤害。也有学者认为,这首诗是李白初入长安无所成就而归时,为送别友人而写的寄托之作。
《蜀道难》创作背景详情»
一段。诗人通过描绘蜀道上的险峻山川,如六龙回日之高标、千钧棒石、天梯石栈等,展示了蜀道的艰难险阻。同时,他运用夸张的手法,将蜀道的艰险比作使人凋零的力量,表达了对蜀地山川的敬畏和对人们面临困难的警示。
接下来的一段,诗人以“所守或匪亲,化为狼与豺”为转折点,表达了对当局的忧虑和对蜀地险要的警醒。他提醒当局应该重视蜀地的防守,以免被敌人侵袭。这一段的描写虽然简短,但通过对人们命运的暗示,增加了诗歌的深度和内涵。
整首诗采用了律体与散文的结合,文句参差,笔意纵横,豪放洒脱。诗人通过丰富的想象和生动的描写,展示了蜀道的艰险和壮美,以及对蜀地的关切和忧虑。诗歌情感激荡,回环反复,读来令人心潮澎湃。
总的来说,这首诗以浪漫主义的手法,通过描绘蜀道的险峻和壮美,展示了祖国山河的雄伟壮丽。同时,诗人也通过对蜀道的描写,表达了对社会的某些忧虑与关切。整首诗情感激烈,文句参差,给人以豪放洒脱的艺术享受。
《蜀道难》赏析详情»
根据提供的内容,以下是对李白的整理补充,包括出生和死亡信息:
李白(701年-762年),字太白,号青莲居士,是唐朝的浪漫主义诗人,被后人誉为“诗仙”。他的祖籍据待考,但出生地为西域碎叶城。在他4岁时,他随父亲迁往剑南道绵州。
李白是一位才华横溢的诗人,他的诗文作品超过千余篇,其中包括许多经典之作。他的作品以豪放奔放、情感激昂为特点,表达了他对自然、人生和爱情的热情追求。他的诗歌风格独特,充满了浪漫主义的色彩,对后世的文学创作产生了深远的影响。
李白的诗文集《李太白集》流传至今。这本集子收录了他的许多著名作品,成为了他的代表作品之一。
762年,李白因病去世,享年61岁。他的墓地位于今天的安徽当涂,而四川江油和湖北安陆也有纪念馆来纪念他的卓越贡献。李白的逝世给文学界带来了巨大的损失,但他的诗歌作品却永远留在了人们的心中,成为了中国文学史上的瑰宝。