《念奴娇·登建康赏心亭呈史致道》原文赏析
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niàn念nú奴jiāo娇·dēng登jiàn建kāng康shǎng赏xīn心tíng亭chéng呈shǐ史zhì致dào道
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[sòng宋dài代]xīn辛qì弃jí疾
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wǒ我lái来diào吊gǔ古，shàng上weī危lóu楼、yíng赢dé得xián闲chóu愁qiān千hú斛。hǔ虎jù踞lóng龙pán蟠hé何chù处shì是，zhī只yǒu有xìng兴wáng亡mǎn满mù目。liǔ柳wài外xié斜yáng阳，shuǐ水biān边guī归niǎo鸟，lǒng陇shàng上chuī吹qiáo乔mù木。piàn片fān帆xī西qù去，yī一shēng声shuí谁pēn喷shuāng霜zhú竹。
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què却yì忆ān安shí石fēng风liú流，dōng东shān山suì岁wǎn晚，leì泪luò落aī哀zhēng筝qǔ曲。ér儿beì辈gōng功míng名dū都fù付yǔ与，cháng长rì日weí惟xiāo消qí棋jú局。bǎo宝jìng镜nán难xún寻，bì碧yún云jiāng将mù暮，shuí谁quàn劝beī杯zhōng中lǜ绿。jiāng江tóu头fēng风nù怒，cháo朝lái来bō波làng浪fān翻wū屋。
译文及注释
Translation:
I come to pay tribute to the traces of ancient people climbing up the high tower but ending up with endless melancholy. Where is the former imperial capital that was once powerful and prosperous? All I see are the remnants of the rise and fall of the past. The setting sun shines on the bewildered willow trees the birds by the water hurriedly fly back to their nests to find food the wind blows through the tall trees sweeping across the desolate hills and ridges. A lonely boat rushes westward in the Qinhuai River and no one knows who is playing the passionate cold flute.
Recalling the glorious achievements of Xie An in his later years he was forced to live a leisurely life in Dongshan and was also moved by the sorrowful sound of the zither. The hope of building a career and gaining fame is now placed on the younger generation and the long days are spent in playing chess. The precious mirror that reflects the heart is difficult to find and time will mercilessly pass by. Who can comfort my feelings and share a cup of wine with me? Since morning the wind has been howling on the river and the high waves seem to overturn the houses truly making people worried and frightened.
Annotations:
Nian Nu Jiao: The name of a poetic form also known as Bai Zi Ling or Lei Jiang Yue consisting of one hundred characters in double tones with four oblique rhymes in each section.
Shang Xin Ting: Located above the Xiamen Gate in Jiankang overlooking the Qinhuai River it was a famous tourist attraction at that time and Xin Qiji loved to climb this pavilion and enjoy the view. Shi Liushou Zhi Dao: Shi Zhengzhi zi Zhi Dao a native of Yangzhou was a jinshi during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. He served as the governor of Jiankang from the third to sixth year of the Qian Dao period (1167-1170) and also served as the governor of the Jiankang Palace and the commander of the water army along the river. Liu Shou refers to the governor of the palace and when the Southern Song Dynasty first crossed the Yangtze River Emperor Gaozong temporarily resided in Jiankang so it was called the palace.
Diao Gu: Paying tribute to ancient sites.
Wei Lou: High tower in this case referring to Shang Xin Ting.
Hu Ju Long Pan: Describing the dangerous and majestic terrain of Jiankang City.
Xing Wang: Referring to the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties. Emphasizing the fall.
Long: Field ridge here referring to the fields. Qiao Mu: Tall trees.
Pian Fan: A lonely boat.
Pen Shuang Zhu: Referring to playing the flute. Pen means playing and Shuang Zhu refers to the bamboo flute in autumn.
An Shi: Xie An zi An Shi a famous politician of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Feng Liu: Referring to Xie An's outstanding appearance and extraordinary talent.
Dong Shan Sui Wan: Referring to Xie An's later years.
Lei Luo Ai Zheng Qu: In the late years of Emperor Xiaowu of the Jin Dynasty Xie An's high position aroused jealousy.
The younger generation in the two lines: It means that Xie An entrusted the opportunity to build a career to the younger generation and he himself spent his days playing chess.
Bao Jing Nan Xun: Metaphorically it is difficult to find someone who truly understands me.
Bi Yun Jiang Mu: Referring to the approaching evening metaphorically representing the passage of time.
《念奴娇·登建康赏心亭呈史致道》译文及注释详情»
创作背景
这篇创作背景描述了辛弃疾在公元1168年担任建康通判的情景。当时，辛弃疾已经南归七年，但他所期望的抗金复国事业却没有任何进展。此外，他还受到了朝中议和派的排挤和打击。在一次登上建康的赏心亭时，辛弃疾被景色所触动，激发了他千万感慨，于是写下了这首词作。 《念奴娇·登建康赏心亭呈史致道》创作背景详情»
赏析
己的孤独和无奈，柳树斜阳、飞鸟归巢、落叶飘零、小船漂泊，都是象征着词人内心的苦闷和无助。最后一句“不知何人，吹奏起悲凉的笛声”，更是将词人的心情推向了高潮，表达了他对国家命运的忧虑和对时局的不满。
整首词以建康的景象为背景，通过描绘景物的变化和词人的内心感受，抒发了对国家兴衰的忧虑和对时局的不满。词人通过借古讽今的手法，将自己的心情与东晋名相谢安的遭遇相比，表达了自己缺乏知音同志之士的苦闷和对国家命运的担忧。整首词情感真挚，意境深远，通过对景物的描绘和对自身的倾诉，将词人内心的苦闷和对国家命运的忧虑表达得淋漓尽致。同时，词人巧妙地运用了对比手法，将建康昔日的辉煌与眼前的败落相对照，凸显了国家兴衰的悲凉和时代变迁的无奈。整首词以雄深与温婉相结合的美学风格，展现了词人对国家兴衰的关切和对时局的不满，给人以深思和触动。
《念奴娇·登建康赏心亭呈史致道》赏析详情»
辛弃疾
辛弃疾（1140－1207）是南宋时期的一位著名词人。他原名坦夫，后改名幼安，又有别号稼轩，是汉族，出生于历城（今山东济南）。辛弃疾出生时，中原地区已经被金兵占领。
辛弃疾在21岁时参加了抗金义军，不久后回到南宋。他历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东等地的安抚使职位。一生致力于抗金事业，曾上书《美芹十论》和《九议》，提出了战守之策。他的词作表达了力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉了壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和进行了谴责。同时，他也创作了不少描写祖国河山的作品。他的词题材广泛，善于运用前人典故，风格既沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。
由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当时执政者的主和派政见不合，他后来被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。辛弃疾的一生充满了忧国忧民的情怀，他的词作对后世影响深远，被誉为南宋词坛的巨星。