《念奴娇·登石头城次东坡韵》原文赏析
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niàn念nú奴jiāo娇·dēng登shí石tóu头chéng城cì次dōng东pō坡yùn韵
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[yuán元dài代]sà萨dū都là剌
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shí石tóu头chéng城shàng上，wàng望tiān天dī低wú吴chǔ楚，yǎn眼kōng空wú无wù物。zhǐ指diǎn点liù六cháo朝xíng形shèng胜dì地，weí惟yǒu有qīng青shān山rú如bì壁。bì蔽rì日jīng旌qí旗，lián连yún云qiáng樯lǔ橹，bái白gǔ骨fēn纷rú如xuě雪。yī一jiāng江nán南beǐ北，xiāo消mó磨duō多shào少háo豪jié杰。
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jì寂mò寞bì避shǔ暑lí离gōng宫，dōng东fēng风niǎn辇lù路，fāng芳cǎo草nián年nián年fā发。luò落rì日wú无rén人sōng松jìng径lǐ里，guǐ鬼huǒ火gāo高dī低míng明miè灭。gē歌wǔ舞zūn尊qián前，fán繁huá华jìng镜lǐ里，àn暗huàn换qīng青qīng青fā发。shāng伤xīn心qiān千gǔ古，qín秦huái淮yī一piàn片míng明yuè月！
译文及注释
Translation:
Standing on the high stone city looking out the end of the sky connects with the Wu and Chu states and it is empty. The prosperity of the former Six Dynasties now has disappeared only the rivers and mountains remain. Thinking back to the past there were constant wars smoke and fire and countless lives were lost leaving behind bones scattered like snow. Many heroes have been swept away by the river of time only the vast Yangtze River still flows endlessly.
In the lonely palace courtyard when the east wind blows the road that was once frequently crushed by the emperor's carriage is now covered with lush grass year after year. When the sun sets and the night falls the pine forest is empty and desolate only the faint ghostly fire appears and disappears. But how many beautiful courtesans and dancers turned their black hair into white hair here bidding farewell to their youthful years. Today the bright moon still shines on the Huai River but the prosperity of the Six Dynasties has long disappeared leaving behind only infinite sadness.
Annotations:
1. Nian Nu Jiao: The name of a poetic form also known as Bai Zi Ling because the entire poem consists of one hundred characters.
2. Stone City: Refers to Jinling City located on Qingliang Mountain in present-day Nanjing. It was the capital city of the Six Dynasties.
3. Looking at the sky connecting Wu and Chu the eyes see nothing: Looking out the sky connects with Wu and Chu and the world is vast. Wu and Chu refer to the regions of Jiangsu and Zhejiang today.
4. The prosperity of the Six Dynasties: Refers to the superior and magnificent geographical features of the six dynasties of Eastern Wu Eastern Jin Song Qi Liang and Chen.
5. Flags covering the sun continuous clouds of sails white bones scattered like snow: These three sentences describe the intense scenes of war. Flags refers to banners in general. Sails refers to masts and rowing tools representing ships.
6. River: Refers to the Yangtze River.
7. Summer palace for avoiding heat: Seeking refuge from the summer heat in the palace. Summer palace refers to the emperor's palaces outside the capital city.
8. The east wind on the carriage road grass grows every year: The east wind blows on the road where the emperor's carriage passes and grass grows every year. Carriage road refers to the passage between palaces and pavilions.
9. No one on the pine path after sunset ghostly fire flickers: After sunset there is no one in the pine forest only ghostly fires appear and disappear. Pine path refers to the small path in the pine forest. Flickers means appearing and disappearing intermittently.
10. Zun: A wine cup.
11. Prosperity: Refers to the blooming flowers metaphorically representing youth and beauty.
12. Dark hair turns gray and white: Black hair turns gray and white.
13. Heartbroken for eternity Qinhuai River is illuminated by the moon: This sentence is a reference to Liu Yuxi's poem Stone City which says On the city wall of Huai River the moon of the old times in the deep night still passes over the women's wall. It indicates that the moon still shines on the Huai River but the prosperity of the Six Dynasties has long disappeared.
《念奴娇·登石头城次东坡韵》译文及注释详情»
创作背景
元文宗至顺三年（1332），词人任江南诸道行御史台掾史，移居金陵。金陵是一个历史悠久的城市，拥有许多古迹和丰富的文化底蕴。词人在金陵各地游玩时，他看到了古迹依稀的景象，这让他回忆起了往事，激发了他的诗情。他被金陵的美景和历史所吸引，于是创作了许多有关金陵的诗、词。
这篇创作背景描述了词人在金陵居住期间的情景。他游览金陵各地时，看到了一些古老的建筑和景点，这些古迹虽然已经有些模糊，但仍然能勾起他的回忆。他的心中涌现出了许多诗意，他用诗词来表达对金陵的热爱和思念之情。
金陵是一个历史悠久的城市，有着丰富的文化底蕴。词人在金陵居住期间，他深入了解了金陵的历史和文化，这些知识也成为他创作的灵感来源。他在诗词中描绘了金陵的美景和历史，展现了他对这座城市的热爱和敬仰之情。
这篇创作背景揭示了词人在金陵居住期间的创作动机和灵感来源。金陵的古迹和历史给予了词人无尽的创作灵感，他用诗词来表达对金陵的热爱和思念之情。这些诗词不仅展现了词人的才华，也成为了金陵文化的一部分，为后人留下了宝贵的文化遗产。
《念奴娇·登石头城次东坡韵》创作背景详情»
赏析
这首词是根据苏轼的《赤壁怀古》词韵而作的，但是它主要描写了石头城的荒凉残败，表达了作者对古代繁华的怀念和伤感。词中通过对“六朝形胜”及其历史遗迹的吟咏，抒发了作者吊古伤怀的情感。词中指出，石头城的繁华之所以衰落，是因为战争的破坏。整首词以抚今追昔的方式，表达了风云易逝，青山常在的感慨。
上片主要描写了白日登眺时的所见。开头三句为总写，通过点出登临地点和人手擒题，展现了作者的才华。接下来的几句通过描述眺望的遥远和地域的辽阔，表达了石头城虽然是六朝故都，但“六代繁华”已经消失殆尽。接着的两句通过指出昔日的“六朝形胜”已经不复存在，进一步强调了六朝繁华的衰落。最后的五句通过回顾历代统治者互相攻伐的残酷，揭示了“六代繁华”衰落的原因，生动深刻。
下片主要是在月夜中抒发怀古之情。前五句通过描写王室衰落和宫廷荒芜，进一步展现了“六代繁华”的衰落。这几句表达了旧日帝王们避暑的离宫已经荒芜无人，辇路上长满了荒草，夜晚松径里空无一人，只有鬼火高低明灭。作者通过抓住这些生活片段，生动地描绘了六朝宫殿的废墟和残破景象，透露出对古代繁华的伤感。
最后的五句表达了作者对古代的怀念和伤怀之情。尽管石头城已经荒凉残败，但作者仍然怀念过去的繁华，希望能够回到那个时代。整首词通过描写石头城的荒凉和对古代繁华的怀念，表达了作者对历史的思考和情感的抒发。
《念奴娇·登石头城次东坡韵》赏析详情»
萨都剌
萨都剌（约1272—1355）是元代的一位诗人、画家和书法家。他的字是天锡，号是直斋。有一种说法认为他是回族，也有一种说法认为他是蒙古族。他的先祖是西域人，他自己出生在雁门（今山西代县），泰定四年（1327年）中进士。他先后担任过应奉翰林文字、南台御史等职务。由于他弹劾权贵，他被左迁到镇江录事司达鲁花赤，后来又被累迁到江南行台侍御史，最后又被左迁到淮西北道经历。晚年他居住在杭州。萨都剌擅长绘画和书法，尤其擅长楷书。他的才华被人们称为燕门才子。他的文学创作以诗歌为主，其中以描写游山玩水、归隐赋闲、慕仙礼佛、应答酬酢等题材为多。然而，他的作品的思想价值并不高。此外，萨都剌还留下了《严陵钓台图》和《梅雀》等画作，这些作品现在被珍藏在北京故宫博物院中。关于他的出生和死亡的具体时间没有提及。