《读书》原文赏析
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dú读shū书
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[táng唐dài代]liǔ柳zōng宗yuán元
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yōu幽chén沉xiè谢shì世shì事，fǔ俯mò默kuī窥táng唐yú虞。
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shàng上xià下guān观gǔ古jīn今，qǐ起fú伏qiān千wàn万tú途。
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yù遇xīn欣huò或zì自xiào笑，gǎn感qī戚yì亦yǐ以xū吁。
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piǎo缥zì帙gè各shū舒sàn散，qián前hòu后hù互xiāng相yú逾。
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zhàng瘴痾rǎo扰líng灵fǔ府，rì日yǔ与wǎng往xī昔shū殊。
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lín临wén文zhà乍liǎo了liǎo了，chè彻juàn卷wù兀ruò若wú无。
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jìng竟xī夕shuí谁yǔ与yán言，dàn但yǔ与zhú竹sù素jù俱。
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juàn倦jí极gēng更dǎo倒wò卧，shú熟meì寐nǎi乃yī一sū苏。
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qiàn欠shēn伸zhǎn展zhī肢tǐ体，yín吟yǒng咏xīn心zì自yú愉。
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dé得yì意shì适qí其shì适，feī非yuàn愿weí为shì世rú儒。
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dào道jìn尽jí即bì闭kǒu口，xiāo萧sàn散juān捐qiú囚jū拘。
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qiǎo巧zhě者weí为wǒ我zhuō拙，zhì智zhě者weí为wǒ我yú愚。
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shū书shǐ史zú足zì自yuè悦，ān安yòng用qín勤yǔ与qú劬。
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guì贵ěr尔liù六chǐ尺qū躯，wù勿weí为míng名suǒ所qū驱。
译文及注释
Translation:
Living in this remote place I am completely detached from worldly affairs. Every day I bow my head and immerse myself in the study of Tang Yao and Yu Shun. Through observing the past and present for thousands of years I witness the ups and downs of the river of history constantly changing. When something brings me joy I secretly smile to myself; when I feel sorrow I can only sigh helplessly. After reading so much the covers of the books have come undone and the pages are tightly connected. The illness caused by the miasma disturbs my state of mind and my body deteriorates day by day. When I open a book I feel clear and enlightened but when I put it down I feel ignorant again. Who can I talk to all day long? Only books can accompany me day and night. When I am tired I lay down and sleep and when I wake up my spirit gradually recovers. I stretch my body and yawn and with a melodious tone I happily recite poetry and read books. I am pleased with my reading because it aligns with the meaning in the books not because I want to become a great scholar in the world. Once I have explained the principles in the books clearly I remain silent and my mood becomes relaxed abandoning the constraints of worldly affairs. Those cunning individuals may think I am foolish while the intelligent ones may think I am ignorant. Reading historical books is enough to bring me happiness so why should I labor for fame and fortune? Cherish your body the body of a great man and do not be driven by fame and fortune.
Annotations:
幽沉 (yōu chén): secluded and sunk. It refers to the poet being exiled to a remote and desolate place.
谢世事 (xiè shì shì): not concerned with worldly affairs. 谢 (xiè) means to decline or refuse.
俯默 (fǔ mò): bowing one's head in silence.
窥 (kuī): to peep or study.
唐虞 (táng yú): Tang Yao and Yu Shun legendary sage emperors in ancient times.
起伏千万途 (qǐ fú qiān wàn tú): the ups and downs of thousands of paths. It refers to the ever-changing course of history.
欣 (xīn): joy.
戚 (qī): sorrow. 吁 (xū): to sigh.
缥帙 (qiǎo zhì): book covers made of light-colored silk. Here it refers to books.
逾 (yú): to surpass or exceed.
瘴疴 (kē): a general term for various diseases caused by the damp and hot climate in the southern regions. 瘴 (zhàng) refers to miasma; 疴 (kē) refers to illness. 灵府 (líng fǔ): the mind or soul.
临文 (lín wén): to open a book and read. 乍 (zhà): just or recently.
了了 (liǎo liǎo): a Buddhist term meaning clear and understandable.
彻 (chè): to remove or put aside. 彻卷 (chè juàn): to put down a book.
兀 (wù): still or as before.
竟夕 (jìng xī): all day and night.
竹素 (zhú sù): refers to books. In ancient times before the use of paper words were carved on bamboo slips or written on silk.
《读书》译文及注释详情»
创作背景
公元809年，柳宗元被贬至永州，这一事件成为了他创作《读书》这首诗的背景。在被贬期间，柳宗元为了克服内心的苦闷，采取了多种方法。除了游览山水以外，他还经常阅读书籍。《读书》这首诗正是柳宗元对自己读书情形和感受的真实记录。
在永州的日子里，柳宗元沉浸在书海中，他用文字记录下自己的读书心得和感悟。这首诗以第一人称的方式，生动地描绘了他读书的情景。诗中描述了他坐在窗前，手持书卷，专注地阅读。他的眼睛紧盯着书页，思绪随着文字的流动而飞舞。他的心灵被书中的智慧和哲理所触动，仿佛置身于一个全新的世界。
柳宗元在诗中表达了对读书的热爱和追求。他认为读书是一种心灵的享受，是一种与世界对话的方式。通过阅读，他能够与古人交流，汲取他们的智慧和经验。他相信，只有通过不断地学习和思考，才能够不断地提升自己的修养和境界。
这首诗也反映了柳宗元在被贬期间的心境。尽管身处陌生的永州，但他并没有放弃对知识的追求。相反，他利用读书来充实自己的内心世界，以此来抵御孤独和困境带来的压力。通过读书，他能够找到内心的平静和安宁，从而重新获得力量和勇气。
总的来说，柳宗元的《读书》这首诗是他在被贬永州期间的创作之一。这首诗以真实的笔触描绘了他读书的情景和感受。通过读书，柳宗元不仅充实了自己的内心世界，还找到了面对困境的勇气和力量。这首诗展现了他对知识的追求和对人生的思考，同时也反映了他在被贬期间的心境和生活状态。
《读书》创作背景详情»
柳宗元
柳宗元（773年－819年）是唐代河东（今山西运城）人，他是一位杰出的诗人、哲学家、儒学家和政治家。他被誉为唐宋八大家之一。
柳宗元的著名作品包括《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，这些文章后来被后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。由于他是河东人，人们称他为柳河东。此外，他曾担任柳州刺史，因此也被称为柳柳州。
柳宗元与韩愈一起被认为是中唐古文运动的领导人物，他们被合称为“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，柳宗元的诗歌和文学成就都非常杰出，他的地位可以说是一时难分轩轾。
关于柳宗元的出生和死亡，他出生于773年，逝世于819年。