《名都篇》原文赏析
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míng名dū都piān篇
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[liǎng两hàn汉]cáo曹zhí植
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míng名dū都duō多yāo妖nǔ女，jīng京luò洛chū出shào少nián年。
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bǎo宝jiàn剑zhí值qiān千jīn金，beì被fú服lì丽qiě且xiān鲜。
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dǒu斗jī鸡dōng东jiāo郊dào道，zǒu走mǎ马cháng长qiū楸jiān间。
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chí驰chěng骋weì未néng能bàn半，shuāng双tù兔guò过wǒ我qián前。
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lǎn揽gōng弓jié捷míng鸣dí镝，cháng长qū驱shàng上nán南shān山。
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zuǒ左wǎn挽yīn因yòu右fā发，yī一zòng纵liǎng两qín禽lián连。
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yú余qiǎo巧weì未jí及zhǎn展，yǎng仰shǒu手jiē接feī飞yuān鸢。
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guān观zhě者xián咸chèng称shàn善，zhòng众gōng工guī归wǒ我yán妍。
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guī归lái来yàn宴píng平lè乐，meǐ美jiǔ酒dǒu斗shí十qiān千。
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kuài脍lǐ鲤臇taī胎鰕，pào炮biē鳖zhì炙xióng熊fán蹯。
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míng鸣chóu俦xiào啸pǐ匹lǚ侣，liè列zuò坐jìng竟cháng长yán筵。
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lián连piān翩jī击jū鞠rǎng壤，qiǎo巧jié捷weí惟wàn万duān端。
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bái白rì日xī西nán南chí驰，guāng光jǐng景bù不kě可pān攀。
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yún云sàn散hái还chéng城yì邑，qīng清chén晨fù复lái来hái还。
译文及注释
Translation:
Famous cities are known for producing beautiful women and Luoyang is known for its elegant young men.
I wear a priceless sword and luxurious and colorful clothes.
Cockfighting takes place on the road in the eastern suburbs and horse racing takes place among the tall rows of qiu trees.
As I ride my horse before I even reach halfway a pair of wild rabbits jump in front of me.
Immediately I bend my bow and shoot a loud arrow urging my horse to chase after them towards the southern mountains.
With my left hand pulling the bow and my right hand releasing the arrow I shoot down both rabbits with just one arrow.
Before I can display any other skills I shoot down a flying kite in the sky.
The onlookers cheer in unison and the nearby archers praise me.
Returning we have a grand feast at the ancient Pingle Temple where a single cup of wine is worth ten thousand coins.
We finely slice carp and cook shrimp soup stir-fry soft-shelled turtle and roast bear paws.
Friends and companions come to take their seats and the long banquet table quickly fills up.
We play cuju and hit the wine jar without stopping showing off our agility and innovative moves.
The sun always races in the southwest and the passing scenery cannot be chased after.
After the feast we disperse like clouds and tomorrow morning we will come here again to drink and play!
Annotations:
Famous cities: Refers to famous cities such as Linzi and Handan at that time.
Enchanting women: Beautiful women here referring to courtesans.
Jingluo: Refers to the capital city of Luoyang.
Young men: Refers to the young aristocrats.
Luoyang was the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty and a gathering place for the nobility. There have been many works about the extravagant life in Luoyang in the lyrics and poems of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The focus of this piece is on the young men and the mention of enchanting women in the previous sentence serves as a contrast.
Straight: Same as valuable.
Clothing: Refers to attire. Bei means to drape and fu means to wear.
Cockfighting: Watching two roosters fight as a form of entertainment a popular custom from the Han to Tang Dynasty.
Between the tall qiu trees: Refers to the road lined with tall qiu trees. Qiu is a deciduous tree also known as camphor tree.
Quick: Extract.
Southern mountains: Refers to the mountains south of Luoyang.
Left pull and right release: Pulling the bow with the left hand and shooting to the right. Usually the right hand is used to pull the bow but here the left hand is intentionally used to show off a clever skill corresponding to the following sentence I have not yet displayed all my skills.
One leap: One shot.
Both birds hit: Both birds are shot at the same time. Both birds refers to the previously mentioned pair of rabbits. In ancient times flying birds and running animals could both be referred to as birds (禽) but later the term was separated and birds specifically referred to flying birds.
Catch: Receiving something flying towards you. In the White Horse chapter there is a similar phrase reaching up to catch a flying monkey.
《名都篇》译文及注释详情»
创作背景
这篇创作背景描述了一首诗的写作背景。根据描述，这首诗所描绘的是洛阳少年奢靡豪华的生活。然而，考虑到洛阳在汉末经历了董卓之乱后的破败状态，贵族子弟不可能过上如此奢华的生活。因此，这首诗应该是曹植在太和年间进入洛阳时所写的，也就是在他生命的最后几年中创作的。 《名都篇》创作背景详情»
鉴赏
闪耀着光芒，象征着他们的财富和地位。接着，诗人描绘了少年们的娱乐活动，他们骑着骏马，射箭打猎，展现出他们的勇武和技艺。他们还举行盛大的宴会，饮酒作乐，享受着奢华的生活。
诗人通过细腻的描写，展现了京洛少年的豪华生活和奢靡享乐的态度。他们追求刺激和享受，沉迷于游戏和宴会，对国家的忠诚和责任感似乎并不重要。诗人通过这种描写，既讽刺了这些少年的放纵和浪费，又暗示了他们的虚荣和空虚。
然而，诗人的态度并不完全是批判和讽刺的。他对这些少年的生活方式有一定的理解和赞美。诗中的描写充满了生动的细节和情感，使人感受到了少年们的热情和活力。诗人似乎在暗示，年轻人追求享乐和刺激也是一种生活的态度，他们对生活充满了激情和活力，这也是一种可贵的品质。
总的来说，这首诗通过对京洛少年的生活进行描写，既讽刺了他们的奢靡和放纵，又赞美了他们的热情和活力。诗人的态度既批判又理解，既讽刺又赞美，给人留下了深刻的印象。这首诗在揭示社会现象的同时，也反映了诗人对年轻人的理解和思考。
《名都篇》鉴赏详情»
曹植
曹植（192－232），字子建，是沛国谯（今安徽省亳州市）人。他是三国曹魏时期的著名文学家，也是建安文学的代表人物。曹植是魏武帝曹操的儿子，同时也是魏文帝曹丕的弟弟。在他生前，他曾被封为陈王。去世后，他被追封为陈思王。因此，他也被称为陈思王曹植。
曹植以其在文学上的造诣而闻名，后人将他与曹操和曹丕合称为“三曹”。南朝宋时期的文学家谢灵运更是给予了他极高的评价，称他为“天下才有一石，曹子建独占八斗”。这说明曹植在文学领域的才华非常出众。
在王士祯的论述中，他认为在汉魏以来的两千年间，只有曹植、李白和苏轼这三位诗人可以被称为“仙才”。这也再次证明了曹植在文学史上的重要地位。
关于曹植的出生和死亡，他出生于192年，去世于232年。他的谥号是“思”。
蝉赋
两汉 曹植
唯夫蝉之清素兮，潜厥类乎太阴。
在盛阳之仲夏兮，始游豫乎芳林。
实澹泊而寡欲兮，独怡乐而长吟。
声皦皦而弥厉兮，似贞士之介心。
内含和而弗食兮，与众物而无求。
栖高枝而仰首兮，漱朝露之清流。
隐柔桑之稠叶兮，快啁号以遁暑。
苦黄雀之作害兮，患螳螂之劲斧。
冀飘翔而远托兮，毒蜘蛛之网罟。
欲降身而卑窜兮，惧草虫之袭予。
免众难而弗获兮，遥迁集乎宫宇。
依名果之茂阴兮，托修干以静处。
有翩翩之狡童兮，步容与于园圃。
体离朱之聪视兮，姿才捷于狝猿。
条罔叶而不挽兮，树无干而不缘。
翳轻躯而奋进兮，跪侧足以自闲。
恐余身之惊骇兮，精曾睨而目连。
持柔竿之冉冉兮，运微粘而我缠。
欲翻飞而逾滞兮，知性命之长捐。
委厥体于膳夫。
归炎炭而就燔。
秋霜纷以宵下，晨风烈其过庭。
气憯怛而薄躯，足攀木而失茎。
吟嘶哑以沮败，状枯槁以丧(刑)[形]。
乱曰：诗叹鸣蜩，声嘒嘒兮，盛阳则来，太阴逝兮。
皎皎贞素，侔夷节兮。
帝臣是戴，尚其洁兮。