原文: 唯夫蝉之清素兮,潜厥类乎太阴。
在盛阳之仲夏兮,始游豫乎芳林。
实澹泊而寡欲兮,独怡乐而长吟。
声皦皦而弥厉兮,似贞士之介心。
内含和而弗食兮,与众物而无求。
栖高枝而仰首兮,漱朝露之清流。
隐柔桑之稠叶兮,快啁号以遁暑。
苦黄雀之作害兮,患螳螂之劲斧。
冀飘翔而远托兮,毒蜘蛛之网罟。
欲降身而卑窜兮,惧草虫之袭予。
免众难而弗获兮,遥迁集乎宫宇。
依名果之茂阴兮,托修干以静处。
有翩翩之狡童兮,步容与于园圃。
体离朱之聪视兮,姿才捷于狝猿。
条罔叶而不挽兮,树无干而不缘。
翳轻躯而奋进兮,跪侧足以自闲。
恐余身之惊骇兮,精曾睨而目连。
持柔竿之冉冉兮,运微粘而我缠。
欲翻飞而逾滞兮,知性命之长捐。
委厥体于膳夫。
归炎炭而就燔。
秋霜纷以宵下,晨风烈其过庭。
气憯怛而薄躯,足攀木而失茎。
吟嘶哑以沮败,状枯槁以丧(刑)[形]。
乱曰:诗叹鸣蜩,声嘒嘒兮,盛阳则来,太阴逝兮。
皎皎贞素,侔夷节兮。
帝臣是戴,尚其洁兮。
Translation: The pure white cicada hides in the dark soil. In the scorching hot May of midsummer it begins to enjoy itself in the fragrant forest. Its nature is calm and unassuming finding happiness in solitude and singing continuously. Its song is loud and clear each sound resembling the upright heart of a virtuous person. It is content with a simple and frugal life having no desire for food and forming no attachments with other creatures. It perches on high branches drinking the clear morning dew. It hides among the soft leaves of the mulberry tree finding pleasure in leisure and avoiding the summer heat. It suffers from the harm of yellow sparrows and worries about the mantis' sharp axe. It longs to spread its wings and fly far away but hates the spider's web. It wants to land on the ground and hide but fears that insects will harm its body. It escapes from various difficulties and avoids being caught by predators so it flies far away to the house. It hides in the shade of fruit trees and rests on tall tree trunks. There is a graceful and handsome young man who walks leisurely into the orchard. With his bright eyes he climbs the trees better than monkeys. He shakes the branches and leaves allowing the trees to support his climbing. He moves swiftly trying to conceal his agile figure. He is afraid of startling me with any noise and keeps his gaze fixed on me. He extends a thin bamboo pole upwards using a small amount of glue to stick me. I struggle harder and harder but realize that my life will never be the same. My body is given to the chef and roasted in the red charcoal fire. The night frost falls one after another and the morning wind blows through the courtyard making it exceptionally cold. Sadness overwhelms my body and my feet and claws fail to climb the trees falling into emptiness. My song becomes hoarse and approaches death and my body withers and eventually perishes.
Annotation:
- Cicada: an insect also known as zhiliao or zhilie.
- Qingsu: refers to the pure and white body of the cicada.
- Qian: to hide. Taiyin: refers to the earth. These two sentences describe the cicada's clean body hidden in the soil.
- Shengyang: refers to the hottest season. Zhongxia: the fifth month of the lunar calendar. Li Ji · Yue Ling: On the fifth day after the summer solstice the cicadas begin to sing. Youyu: means to enjoy oneself. Fanglin: refers to the forest.
- Danbo: peaceful and unassuming not competing with the world. Yi: joy. Changyin: means to sing continuously. It describes the cicada's joy and continuous singing.
- Jiao jiao: the sound of cicada's singing.
《蝉赋》译文及注释详情»
曹植撰写此赋时,正值黄初年间(220年—226年)。在这个时期,曹植受到了他的兄长文帝曹丕的猜忌和排斥。由于这种情况,曹植多次被流放,并且他的亲近的人也遭到了杀害。
在这篇赋中,曹植使用了一系列的比喻来描述他所经历的困境。他提到了“黄雀之作害”、“螳螂之劲斧”、“蜘蛛之网罟”和“草虫之袭予”。特别是那个“捷于狝猿”的“狡童”,他们都是针对微弱的寒蝉而来的,形成了一种“围捕”的态势。
虽然这些比喻是根据历史典故来构思的,但是其中渗透着作者自己的身世。这些比喻揭示了曹植所处的境况之惨烈和他个性的鲜明特点。通过这篇赋,曹植表达了他在兄长的压迫下所经历的痛苦和不公正待遇,同时也展现了他的坚韧和勇气。这篇赋不仅仅是对历史事件的再现,更是对作者个人经历的抒发和反思。
《蝉赋》创作背景详情»
这篇文章简析了一首赋《蝉》。文章首先指出了这首赋细腻地描写了蝉的生活习性和遭受天敌进攻的困境,赞颂了蝉的正直清高和与世无争的品格。作者通过描写蝉的形象和品德,将其比喻为君子的形象。文章还提到了蝉最大的敌人是“狡童”,并以幽默的方式描述了狡童使用粘胶来捕捉蝉的情景。最后,文章指出蝉所处的环境充满危险,无法逃避,只能选择死亡。这种众害纷聚一身而无法逃脱死亡的悲哀,被认为是作者对人生的悲观总结,表达了作者对命运的不平和忧患。整篇文章通过对赋的内容进行分析,展示了作者对蝉的赞美和对人生的悲观态度。 《蝉赋》简析详情»
曹植(192-232),字子建,是沛国谯(今安徽省亳州市)人。他是三国曹魏时期的著名文学家,也是建安文学的代表人物。曹植是魏武帝曹操的儿子,同时也是魏文帝曹丕的弟弟。在他生前,他曾被封为陈王。去世后,他被追封为陈思王。因此,他也被称为陈思王曹植。
曹植以其在文学上的造诣而闻名,后人将他与曹操和曹丕合称为“三曹”。南朝宋时期的文学家谢灵运更是给予了他极高的评价,称他为“天下才有一石,曹子建独占八斗”。这说明曹植在文学领域的才华非常出众。
在王士祯的论述中,他认为在汉魏以来的两千年间,只有曹植、李白和苏轼这三位诗人可以被称为“仙才”。这也再次证明了曹植在文学史上的重要地位。
关于曹植的出生和死亡,他出生于192年,去世于232年。他的谥号是“思”。