译文:
打开书箱见你生前书信,不由使我热泪洒在胸前。
Opening the book box I see the letters you wrote before your death which makes tears flow down my chest uncontrollably.
置身坟墓你该多么孤寂,门庭萧条依然留在世问。
Being in the grave how lonely you must be while the desolate courtyard remains in this world.
想那当日你我搜奇猎胜,登山临水吟咏多少诗篇。
Thinking back to those days when we searched for wonders and enjoyed victories how many poems did we compose while climbing mountains and admiring the waters?
南浦之下同把轻舟荡起,西江之上共把明月赏玩。
Under the South Wharf we sailed light boats together and on the West River we admired the bright moon together.
天南地北你我多次远别,从生到死彼此情意缠绵。
We have been separated many times from the south to the north and our feelings for each other have been intertwined from life to death.
你的坟墓如今竟在何处,人间万事不过如此这般。
Where is your grave now? Everything in the world is just like this.
高高晋山仍然耸立世上,我的故友却已葬身九泉。
The towering Jin Mountain still stands in the world but my old friend has already been buried in the underworld.
为友生前常常官微禄薄,为友死后家计贫困不堪。
Before your death you held a low official position and after your death your family's finances became unbearable.
妻子儿女相隔多么遥远,更无一个弟兄在你身边。
Your wife and children are so far away and there is no brother by your side.
多次上书历尽艰难苦辛,身居微职常常自笑自惭。
I have written many times experiencing hardships and difficulties and I often laugh at myself for holding a low position.
青云之路本已即将登上,谁料白日忽然落下西山。
The road to success was about to be reached but who would have expected the sudden fall of the sun behind the Western Mountain.
如今只剩身后一点清名,空在世上远处近处流传。
Now only a little reputation remains after your death spreading far and wide in this world.
注释:
梁九:即梁洽。排行第九。古人常以其族中排名称呼其人。
Liang Jiu: Also known as Liang Qia. Ranked ninth. In ancient times people often used the ranking within their family to address each other.
箧(qiè):小箱子。
Qie: A small box.
臆:胸。
Yi: Chest.
夜台:墓穴。陆机《挽歌》:“送子长夜台。”李周瀚注:“坟墓一闭无复见明,故云长夜台。后人称夜台本此。”
Ye Tai: Grave. In Lu Ji's Elegy it says Send the child to the long night platform. Li Zhouhan's annotation: Once the grave is closed there is no more light visible so it is called the long night platform. Later generations referred to the grave as the night platform based on this.
子云居:指西汉文学家扬雄的故居。
Zi Yun Ju: Refers to the former residence of Yang Xiong a Western Han Dynasty writer.
畴(chóu)昔:往昔。
Chou Xi: In the past.
贪:嗜好。
Tan: Fondness.
灵奇:神奇。这里指自然景观。
Ling Qi: Miraculous. Here it refers to natural landscapes.
契阔:离合,聚散。《诗经·邶风·击鼓》:“死生契阔。”
Qi Kuo: Separation and reunion. In the Book of Songs - Bei Feng - Ji Gu it says Life and death are separated and reunited.
绸缪(móu):缠绵。《诗经·唐风·绸缪》:“绸缪束薪。”
Chou Mou: Lingering. In the Book of Songs - Tang Feng - Chou Mou it says Lingering and bundling firewood.
九原:九泉、地下。
Jiu Yuan: The underworld.
嵯(cuó)峨:山势高峻。
Cuo E: High and steep mountain.
十上:数次上书。十:言其多。
Shi Shang: Several times of submitting written petitions. Shi: Indicates the frequency.
青云:《史记·范雎蔡泽列传》须贾对范雎说:“贾不意君能自致于青云之上。”后世因以青云喻高位。
Qing Yun: In the Records of the Grand Historian - Biography of Fan Ju and Cai Ze Xu Jia said to Fan Ju Jia did not expect that you could achieve a high position. In later generations Qing Yun came to symbolize a high position.
白日忽先尽:喻人死。
Bai Ri Hu Xian Jin: Metaphor for death.
无远近:无论远近,到处。
Wu Yuan Jin: Regardless of distance everywhere.
《哭单父梁九少府》译文及注释详情»
梁洽是唐代一位才华横溢的年轻士子,他于开元二十二年(公元734年)中进士,展现出了非凡的才华和学识。然而,令人惋惜的是,他在登上仕途的道路上却遭遇了不幸的离世。
据传,梁洽在成为官员后不久,被任命为山东单父县尉。然而,他的官职之路却被短暂的生命所截断。在担任县尉的职务仅仅两三年后,梁洽不幸离世,年仅三十几岁。这个年轻的才子就这样在壮年时期离开了人世,给人们留下了无尽的遗憾和惋惜。
梁洽与一位诗人曾经结下了深厚的友谊,两人曾一同游历长江两岸,共同欣赏大自然的美景,交流诗词之道。他们的友情深入人心,成为彼此生命中的重要支持和慰藉。然而,当诗人得知梁洽离世的消息后,他深感悲痛和失落,无法抑制内心的悲伤。
为了表达对梁洽的深深怀念和悼念之情,诗人写下了这首悼亡诗。通过诗歌的形式,他倾诉了自己内心的痛苦和对逝去友人的思念之情。这首悼亡诗成为了诗人表达自己情感的媒介,也成为了梁洽生命的永恒纪念。
这篇创作背景描绘了梁洽的生平和不幸离世的经过,以及他与诗人之间的深厚友情。通过这个背景,读者可以更好地理解诗人写下这首悼亡诗的动机和情感。这首悼亡诗不仅是对梁洽的追思,也是对友情和生命的思考和反思。
《哭单父梁九少府》创作背景详情»
接下来的几句,通过对亡友生平的叙述,进一步展现了诗人对亡友的深切怀念和哀悼之情。诗中提到亡友梁九少府一生落拓不遇,不幸早夭。这些描述揭示了亡友的不幸遭遇和短暂的生命,使读者对他的遭遇产生同情和惋惜之情。
整首诗通过对亡友的回忆和叙述,表达了诗人对亡友的极度悲痛和哀悼之情。诗中的悲伤叹息和悲肠九转,使人感受到诗人内心的痛苦和悲伤。尽管诗中的语言质朴浅显,但其中蕴含的情感却是醇厚而深沉的。
诗的开头四句以睹物思人为引子,展示了诗人对亡友的思念之情。接下来的六句通过追忆与亡友生前的情谊,描绘了他们之间的深厚交情和欢乐时光。这些描写既补充了前面悲伤的叙述,又突出了诗人对亡友的巨大悲伤和失去的痛苦。
接着的四句以“即何处”为引子,表达了诗人对亡友去世的痛惜和对人生无常的感慨。通过对自然和人生的对比,诗人表达了对亡友不幸遭遇和人世不平的愤怨之情。
整首诗通过对亡友的回忆和叙述,展现了诗人对亡友的深切怀念和哀悼之情。诗人通过质朴浅显的语言,将内心的悲痛和哀伤表达得淋漓尽致。这首诗以其真挚的情感和深刻的内涵,使人感受到生命的脆弱和珍贵,引发人们对生命的思考和珍惜。
《哭单父梁九少府》赏析详情»
高适(704—765年),字达夫,一字仲武,出生于渤海蓨(今河北景县),后迁居宋州宋城(今河南商丘睢阳)。他是唐代大臣、诗人高侃的孙子。高适曾担任刑部侍郎、散骑常侍,并被封为渤海县侯,世称高常侍。他于永泰元年正月因病去世,追赠礼部尚书,并被谥号为“忠”。
作为著名的边塞诗人,高适与岑参并称为“高岑”,与岑参、王昌龄、王之涣一起被称为“边塞四诗人”。他的诗歌笔力雄健,气势奔放,充满了盛唐时期特有的奋发进取、蓬勃向上的时代精神。他的文集共有二十卷。
高适的诗歌作品以描绘边塞风光和边塞生活为主题,表达了对边塞壮丽景色和边塞人民的赞美,同时也反映了边塞的艰苦和战乱。他的诗歌语言简练,意境深远,给人以强烈的视觉和情感冲击。
高适的代表作品包括《别董大》、《别李副使》、《塞下曲》等。这些作品以其雄浑豪放的气势和深刻的思想感染了后世的诗人,对中国古代诗歌的发展产生了重要影响。
总的来说,高适是一位杰出的唐代边塞诗人,他的诗歌作品充满了对边塞生活的热爱和对时代精神的追求,成为了中国古代文学宝库中的一颗璀璨明珠。