《寒食雨二首》原文赏析
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hán寒shí食yǔ雨èr二shǒu首
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[sòng宋dài代]sū苏shì轼
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zì自wǒ我lái来huáng黄zhōu州，yǐ已guò过sān三hán寒shí食。
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nián年nián年yù欲xī惜chūn春，chūn春qù去bù不róng容xī惜。
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jīn今nián年yòu又kǔ苦yǔ雨，liǎng两yuè月qiū秋xiāo萧sè瑟。
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wò卧wén闻hǎi海táng棠huā花，ní泥wū污yàn燕zhī支xuě雪。
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àn暗zhōng中tōu偷fù负qù去，yè夜bàn半zhēn真yǒu有lì力。
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hé何shū殊bìng病shào少nián年，bìng病qǐ起tóu头yǐ已bái白。chūn春jiāng江yù欲rù入hù户，yǔ雨shì势lái来bù不yǐ已。
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xiǎo小wū屋rú如yú渔zhōu舟，濛濛shuǐ水yún云lǐ里。
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kōng空páo庖zhǔ煮hán寒cài菜，pò破zào灶shāo烧shī湿weǐ苇。
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nà那zhī知shì是hán寒shí食，dàn但jiàn见wū乌xián衔zhǐ纸。
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jūn君mén门shēn深jiǔ九chóng重，fén坟mù墓zài在wàn万lǐ里。
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yě也nǐ拟kū哭tú途qióng穷，sǐ死huī灰chuī吹bù不qǐ起。
译文及注释
Translation:
Since I arrived in Huangzhou I have experienced three Cold Food Festivals. Every year I cherish the beauty of spring and want to keep it but spring comes and goes without allowing people to feel regret. This year I suffer from continuous rain and gloomy weather for two months making it as desolate as autumn. Lying alone in bed I hear the rain hitting the crabapple blossoms their rosy petals falling like snowflakes into the muddy ground. The Creator secretly takes away the beautiful crabapple blossoms and the midnight rain truly possesses divine power. The crabapple blossoms in the rain seem like a sick young man whose recovery has left him with gray hair aging prematurely.
The surging spring river seems like it will rush into my door and the rain comes fiercely as if it will never end. My small house is like a fishing boat enveloped in misty water clouds. The empty kitchen cooks some cold dishes and the damp reeds burn in the broken stove. I didn't even know that today is the Cold Food Festival but I see crows carrying burnt paper money. The emperor's palace has nine layers deep and distant difficult to return to and my ancestors' graves are thousands of miles away making it impossible to pay respects. I only want to learn from Ruan Ji and cry in despair but my heart feels like dead ashes unwilling to ignite again.
Annotations:
1. Cold Food Festival: The day before the Qingming Festival in the old calendar known as the Cold Food Festival.
2. Two months sentence: It means that it has been raining for two months and the weather is as desolate as autumn.
3. Rouge snow: Refers to the petals of crabapple blossoms.
4. In secret sentence: In Zhuangzi's The Great and Venerable Teacher it says Hide the boat in the ravine hide the mountain in the marsh and it will be considered secure. But someone with strength can carry it away in the middle of the night and the ignorant will not know. Here it is used to metaphorically describe the withering of crabapple blossoms as if someone with strength secretly takes them away in the middle of the night.
5. What's the difference: What's the difference.
6. Not yet: Also written as 未已 (not yet).
7. Mengmeng: The appearance of rain being hazy and misty.
8. Pao: Kitchen. Cold dishes originally referred to winter vegetables but here it is used in a general sense.
9. Who would have known sentence: It means that the poet only realizes that today is the Cold Food Festival after seeing the crows carrying burnt paper money. Seeing can also be written as 感 (feeling).
10. The door of the ruler sentence: From Song Yu's Nine Arguments: How can I not be melancholy and think of you your door has nine layers. The annotation says The ruler's door is deep and inaccessible. Nine layers refers to the imperial palace emphasizing its depth and distance.
11. Graves sentence: It means that the poet's ancestral grave is in Meishan Sichuan thousands of miles away from Huangzhou making it impossible to pay respects.
12. Also intends sentence: Ruan Ji a poet from the Jin Dynasty would cry in despair whenever he reached the end of a road. Here it implies that the poet intends to imitate Ruan Ji's cry of despair when facing a dead end.
13. Dead ashes: Refers to the ashes of the burnt paper money mentioned earlier.
《寒食雨二首》译文及注释详情»
创作背景
这篇创作背景描述了诗人苏东坡在元丰五年（1082年）三月寒食节时的生活状况和心情状态。尽管经历了政治斗争和牢狱折磨，东坡的个性变得收敛了许多，他的生活依然艰难而凄凉。这两首诗充分展现了他在心境平和之后所感受到的无奈和绝望。 《寒食雨二首》创作背景详情»
赏析
坚持要煮寒菜，烧湿苇，这种对生活的顽强态度，展现了诗人的乐观精神和对生活的热爱。整首诗以寒食节为背景，通过描绘自然景象和表达内心情感，展现了诗人对逆境的坚韧和对命运的思考。诗人通过对海棠花和自己命运的比喻，表达了对逝去的青春和被迫离故土的悲伤，同时也表达了对政治的冷淡和对社会现实的忧虑。整首诗情感真挚，语言简练，通过对细节的描写和意象的运用，使读者能够深刻感受到诗人内心的痛苦和无奈。整体上，这首诗以其深刻的思考和独特的表达方式，展现了诗人对生活和社会的关注，具有较高的艺术价值。 《寒食雨二首》赏析详情»
苏轼
苏轼（1037－1101）是北宋时期的文学家、书画家和美食家。他的字是子瞻，号称东坡居士。苏轼是汉族，出生在四川，去世后葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。
苏轼一生经历了许多仕途上的坎坷，但他的学识非常渊博，天资极高，诗文书画方面都有很高的造诣。他的文笔汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称为欧苏，被誉为“唐宋八大家”之一。他的诗作清新豪健，善于运用夸张和比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称为苏黄。他的词开创了豪放一派，对后世产生了巨大的影响，与辛弃疾并称为苏辛。他的书法擅长行书和楷书，能够自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，具有天真烂漫的趣味，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称为宋四家。他在画学方面也有很高的造诣，主张画作要神似，提倡“士人画”。他的著作包括《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
喜雨亭记
宋代 苏轼
亭以雨名，志喜也。
古者有喜，则以名物，示不忘也。
周公得禾，以名其书；汉武得鼎，以名其年；叔孙胜敌，以名其子。
其喜之大小不齐，其示不忘一也。
予至扶风之明年，始治官舍。
为亭于堂之北，而凿池其南，引流种木，以为休息之所。
是岁之春，雨麦于岐山之阳，其占为有年。
既而弥月不雨，民方以为忧。
越三月，乙卯乃雨，甲子又雨，民以为未足。
丁卯大雨，三日乃止。
官吏相与庆于庭，商贾相与歌于市，农夫相与忭于野，忧者以喜，病者以愈，而吾亭适成。
于是举酒于亭上，以属客而告之，曰：“五日不雨可乎？”曰：“五日不雨则无麦。
”“十日不雨可乎？”曰：“十日不雨则无禾。
”“无麦无禾，岁且荐饥，狱讼繁兴，而盗贼滋炽。
则吾与二三子，虽欲优游以乐于此亭，其可得耶？今天不遗斯民，始旱而赐之以雨。
使吾与二三子得相与优游以乐于此亭者，皆雨之赐也。
其又可忘耶？”既以名亭，又从而歌之，曰：“使天而雨珠，寒者不得以为襦；使天而雨玉，饥者不得以为粟。
一雨三日，伊谁之力？民曰太守。
太守不有，归之天子。
天子曰不然，归之造物。
造物不自以为功，归之太空。
太空冥冥，不可得而名。
吾以名吾亭。
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