《永遇乐·长忆别时》原文赏析
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yǒng永yù遇lè乐·cháng长yì忆bié别shí时
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[sòng宋dài代]sū苏shì轼
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sūn孙jù巨yuán源yǐ以bā八yuè月shí十wǔ五rì日lí离hǎi海zhōu州，zuò坐bié别yú于jǐng景shū疏lóu楼shàng上。jì既ér而yǔ与yú余huì会yú于rùn润zhōu州，zhì至chǔ楚zhōu州nǎi乃bié别。yú余yǐ以shí十yī一yuè月shí十wǔ五rì日zhì至hǎi海zhōu州，yǔ与tài太shǒu守huì会yú于jǐng景shū疏lóu楼shàng上，zuò作cǐ此cí词yǐ以jì寄jù巨yuán源。
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cháng长yì忆bié别shí时，jǐng景shū疏lóu楼shàng上，míng明yuè月rú如shuǐ水。meǐ美jiǔ酒qīng清gē歌，liú留lián连bù不zhù住，yuè月suí随rén人qiān千lǐ里。bié别lái来sān三dù度，gū孤guāng光yòu又mǎn满，lěng冷luò落gòng共shuí谁tóng同zuì醉？juàn卷zhū珠lián帘、qī凄rán然gù顾yǐng影，gòng共yī伊dào到míng明wú无meì寐。
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jīn今cháo朝yǒu有kè客，lái来cóng从suī濉shàng上，néng能dào道shǐ使jūn君shēn深yì意。píng凭zhàng仗qīng清huái淮，fēn分míng明dào到hǎi海，zhōng中yǒu有xiāng相sī思leì泪。ér而jīn今hé何zài在？xī西yuán垣qīng清jìn禁，yè夜yǒng永lòu露huá华qīn侵beì被。cǐ此shí时kàn看、huí回láng廊xiǎo晓yuè月，yě也yìng应àn暗jì记。
译文及注释
Translation:
On August 15th Sun Juyuan left Haizhou and before that I bid him farewell from the Jing Shu Tower. Soon after we met again in Runzhou and traveled together until we parted ways in Chuzhou. On November 15th I returned to Haizhou and met with the prefect at the Jing Shu Tower. (Thinking of Brother Juyuan) I wrote this poem to send to Juyuan.
I often reminisce about the moment we parted sitting on the Jing Shu Tower with the moonlight shining like water. Drinking fine wine and singing beautiful songs it's a pity that friends cannot stay only the moonlight accompanies you thousands of miles away. It has been three months since you left and the moon has been full three times. Today on another full moon day I drink alone feeling cold and lonely. With whom can I share this intoxication? I roll up the pearl curtain and sadly gaze at the moon's reflection spending a sleepless night with the moonlight.
Today a guest from the Sui River told me that you also miss me dearly. Your tears of longing merge into the clear Huai River and flow into the sea. Where are you now? You are in the central administrative office in the palace in the long night with dew wetting your bed. At this moment you should also be secretly missing me as you look at the moon in the corridor.
Annotations:
Sun Juyuan whose given name is Zhu was a friend of Su Shi. Haizhou is located southwest of present-day Lianyungang Jiangsu Province.
Jing Shu Tower is located in the northeast of Haizhou. It was built by Ye Zuqia who admired the two Han scholars Shu Guang and Shu Shou.
Runzhou is present-day Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province. Chuzhou is present-day Huai'an Jiangsu Province. After leaving Haizhou Sun Juyuan traveled to Jiangsu Province and met Dongpo in Runzhou in October. Dongpo wrote the poem Runzhou Ganlu Shu Danzheng and the lyrics Cai Sang Zi: Runzhou Duo Jing Lou Yu Sun Juyuan Xiang Yu (recorded earlier). The two of them traveled together to Yangzhou and other places and then parted ways in Chuzhou.
November 15th: Could it be October 15th? The one was mistakenly added by later generations because Haizhou is more than 400 miles south of Muzhou and Su Shi had already arrived in Muzhou on November 3rd. Refer to Mr. Zhang Zhilie's Miscellaneous Discussion on Su Shi's Journey from Hangzhou to Muzhou (published in Dongpo Ci Lun Cong).
Prefect: In the Han Dynasty the head of a county was called a taishou. In the Song Dynasty counties were changed to prefectures or provinces and the officials in charge were called zhifu or zhizhou but the term taishou was still commonly used. This refers to the prefect who succeeded in Haizhou Chen Taishou (name unknown).
Three times: Refers to three full moons. Sun Juyuan left Haizhou on August 15th and Dongpo wrote this poem on October 15th seeing the moon full three times.
Solitary light: The light of the sun and moon here referring to moonlight. Tang Dynasty poet Jia Dao wrote in his poem In Response to Zhu Shiyu's Moon Gazing: Longing can only be found in the frosty moon on the terrace forgetting all the solitary light that has been seen and yet still appears.
《永遇乐·长忆别时》译文及注释详情»
创作背景
这篇创作背景描述了一位名叫东坡的词人在1074年创作了一首词。据说，东坡在孙巨源离开海州三个月后，他经过海州并登上景疏楼。在楼上，他回忆起与孙巨源在润州相遇并在楚州分手的往事。这些回忆让他不禁心生感慨，于是他写下了这首词。 《永遇乐·长忆别时》创作背景详情»
赏析
写月终，构成了一个完整的情感线索。词人通过对月的描写，表达了对好友的思念和怀念之情，同时也展现了自己内心深处的情感。词中的景物描写生动而具体，情感真挚而深沉，给人以强烈的感受和共鸣。
词的上片以离别时的明月为起点，通过描绘月亮如水的景象，表达了词人对好友离去的不舍之情。接着，词人又通过描写巨源起行后的明月有情，随人千里的情景，表达了对好友的思念和祝福。下片则以月圆为线索，描写了别来三度月圆，旅途孤单，无人同醉的情景，同时也表达了词人与好友在心灵上的相伴和共鸣。词人通过对月的描写，将自己的思念之情转化为具体的景象，使词中的情感更加真实和深刻。
词的下片以客从濉上来的情节为引子，点破了词人遥思之因，进一步加深了对好友的思念。接着，词人通过设想淮水中有友人相思之泪的情景，表达了对好友的深情厚意。最后，词人通过描写巨源在宫中值宿时的情景，表达了自己对好友的思念和怀念之情。词人通过对巨源的描写，间接地表达了自己对好友的思念和怀念，使整篇词更加感人和动人。
整篇词以明月为线索，通过对月的描写，表达了词人对好友的思念和怀念之情。词中的景物描写生动而具体，情感真挚而深沉，给人以强烈的感受和共鸣。词人通过对好友的描写，间接地表达了自己的情感，使整篇词更加感人和动人。整篇词情感真挚，意脉层深，给人以深刻的印象。
《永遇乐·长忆别时》赏析详情»
苏轼
苏轼（1037－1101）是北宋时期的文学家、书画家和美食家。他的字是子瞻，号称东坡居士。苏轼是汉族，出生在四川，去世后葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。
苏轼一生经历了许多仕途上的坎坷，但他的学识非常渊博，天资极高，诗文书画方面都有很高的造诣。他的文笔汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称为欧苏，被誉为“唐宋八大家”之一。他的诗作清新豪健，善于运用夸张和比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称为苏黄。他的词开创了豪放一派，对后世产生了巨大的影响，与辛弃疾并称为苏辛。他的书法擅长行书和楷书，能够自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，具有天真烂漫的趣味，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称为宋四家。他在画学方面也有很高的造诣，主张画作要神似，提倡“士人画”。他的著作包括《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。