译文:
调好角弓绷紧弦,弦弛便向反面转。
When the bow is properly adjusted and the string is tightened the string will turn when it is loosened.
兄弟姻亲一家人,相互亲爱不疏远。
Brothers and relatives are one family they should love each other and not be distant.
你和兄弟太疏远,民众就会跟着干。
If you and your brothers are too distant the people will follow suit.
你能言传加身教,民众互相来仿效。
If you can teach by words and actions the people will imitate each other.
彼此和睦亲兄弟,感情深厚少怨怒。
When brothers are harmonious and close there is less resentment and anger.
彼此不和亲兄弟,相互残害全不顾。
When brothers are not harmonious they harm each other without any consideration.
民众心地如不善,就会相互成积怨。
If the people's hearts are not good they will accumulate resentment towards each other.
接受爵禄不相让,轮到自己道理忘。
When accepting rewards and positions they do not give way to each other and forget their own principles.
老马当作驹使唤,不顾其后生祸患。
Treating an old horse as a young one will lead to future troubles.
如像吃饭只宜饱,又像喝酒不贪欢。
Like eating only to be full and drinking without indulgence.
猴子爬树不用教,如泥涂墙容易牢。
Monkeys climb trees without being taught and mud sticks to walls easily.
君子善政去引导,小民自然跟着跑。
When a noble person governs well the common people will naturally follow.
雪花落下满天飘,一见阳光全融销。
Snowflakes fall and float in the sky melting completely when they see the sunlight.
居于上位不谦恭,别人学样耍高傲。
When in a superior position one should not be arrogant otherwise others will imitate and become arrogant.
雪花落下飘悠悠,一见阳光化水流。
Snowflakes fall and float leisurely turning into flowing water when they see the sunlight.
无良小人像蛮髦,对此我心深烦忧。
Unscrupulous people are like savages and I am deeply worried about this.
注释:
角弓:两端用兽角装饰的弓。
A bow decorated with animal horns on both ends.
骍(xīng)骍:弦和弓调和的样子。
The appearance of the string and the bow being in harmony.
翩:此指反过来弯曲的样子。
Here it refers to the appearance of being bent in the opposite direction.
昏姻:即“婚姻”,指姻亲。
Hunyin: also known as marriage refers to relatives by marriage.
胥(xū):相。远:疏远。
Mutual. Distant: distant.
胥:皆。然:这样。
All. Like this.
教:教导。
Teach.
效:仿效,效法。
Imitate emulate.
令:善。
Good.
绰绰:宽裕舒缓的样子。裕:宽大。
Relaxed and comfortable appearance. Yu: spacious.
不令:不善,指兄弟不相友善。
Not good refers to brothers not being friendly.
瘉(yù):病,此指残害。
Harm here it refers to harm.
亡:通“忘”。
Forget.
饇(yù):饱。
Full.
孔:恰如其分。
Just right.
猱(náo):猿类,善攀援。
Monkeys good at climbing.
涂:泥土。附:沾着。
Mud. Attached.
徽:美。猷(yóu):道。
Beautiful. Way.
与:从,属,依附。
From belong to attach to.
瀌(biāo)瀌:下雪很盛的样子。
The appearance of heavy snowfall.
晛(xiàn):日气。
Sunshine.
遗:通“隤”,柔顺的样子。
Soft and obedient appearance.
式:用,因也。娄:借为“屡”。
Used because. Borrowed as often.
浮浮:与“瀌瀌”义同。
Similar meaning to 瀌瀌.
蛮、髦(máo):南蛮与夷髦,古代对西南少数民族的称呼。
Barbarians referring to the ethnic minorities in the southwest in ancient times.
《角弓》译文及注释详情»
《小雅·角弓》的创作背景可以追溯到古代中国周朝时期。根据《毛诗序》的记载,这首诗是为了批评周幽王而创作的。幽王是周朝的一位君主,他被描述为不亲近自己的亲属,而喜欢和谗言佞人为伍。他的行为导致了王室内部的争斗和不和,这也是《小雅·角弓》中所描绘的情景。
尽管《小雅·角弓》中所刺的对象是否确实是周幽王尚存争议,但诗中所表达的王室内部的不和以及亲属之间的相互怨恨是可信的。这首诗通过揭示幽王的不良行为,以及他与小人为伍的事实,表达了对他的批评和不满。
这首诗的创作背景反映了当时社会的一些问题。在周朝时期,君主的行为对整个王朝的稳定和和谐起着重要作用。然而,幽王的不亲近亲属、与小人结交的行为破坏了王室的团结,导致了内部的纷争和不和。这种情况对于一个国家的统治是不利的,因此《小雅·角弓》的创作背景可以被视为对当时政治局势的一种批评和警示。
总之,《小雅·角弓》的创作背景是基于对周幽王的批评和对王室内部不和的揭示。这首诗反映了当时社会的一些问题,同时也提醒人们君主的行为对于国家的稳定和和谐至关重要。
《角弓》创作背景详情»
读此诗,深感作者以兄弟之情为主题,通过多种手法表达了兄弟之间不可疏远的重要性。首章中的角弓暗喻兄弟之间的紧密联系,而“兄弟昏姻”一句更是将主题点明。接下来的几章则通过描述疏远王室父兄的危害和兄弟之间善与不善的不同结果,加强了说服力。第四章则直言王行不善的社会恶果,指责小人只顾自己的小利而忘了大德。第五、六两章则以奇特的比喻和切直的口吻劝诱周王,强调只有自身行为合乎礼仪,才能引导小民相亲为善。最后两章以雪花见日而消融的形象,反喻小人之骄横和不可理喻。整首诗以简洁明了的语言表达了作者对兄弟之情的思考和呼吁。读完此诗,我深感兄弟之间的亲情和团结是至关重要的,同时也意识到了小人行为的危害和对社会的负面影响。 《角弓》鉴赏详情»