《牡丹种曲》原文赏析
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mǔ牡dān丹zhòng种qǔ曲
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[táng唐dài代]lǐ李hè贺
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lián莲zhī枝weì未cháng长qín秦héng蘅lǎo老，zǒu走mǎ马tuó驮jīn金斸chūn春cǎo草。
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shuǐ水guàn灌xiāng香ní泥què却yuè月pán盘，yī一yè夜lǜ绿fáng房yíng迎bái白xiǎo晓。
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meǐ美rén人zuì醉yǔ语yuán园zhōng中yān烟，wǎn晚huá华yǐ已sàn散dié蝶yòu又lán阑。
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liáng梁wáng王lǎo老qù去luó罗yī衣zài在，fú拂xiù袖fēng风chuī吹shǔ蜀guó国xián弦。
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guī归xiá霞peì帔tuō拖shǔ蜀zhàng帐hūn昏，yān嫣hóng红luò落fěn粉bà罢chéng承ēn恩。
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tán檀láng郎xiè谢nǔ女mián眠hé何chù处？lóu楼tái台yuè月míng明yàn燕yè夜yǔ语。
原文： 莲枝未长秦蘅老，走马驮金斸春草。
水灌香泥却月盘，一夜绿房迎白晓。
美人醉语园中烟，晚华已散蝶又阑。
梁王老去罗衣在，拂袖风吹蜀国弦。
归霞帔拖蜀帐昏，嫣红落粉罢承恩。
檀郎谢女眠何处？楼台月明燕夜语。
相关标签：牡丹
译文及注释
Translation:
When the lotus branches have not yet grown the Qin heng grass has already aged. People hurry on horseback carrying gold to buy peony seedlings. They plant them in semi-circular flower pots cover them with fragrant mud and water them. Overnight the green flower buds are about to bloom welcoming the dawn. The beauties speak with drunkenness and the garden is filled with light smoke. In the evening the petals have already scattered and the butterflies gradually become scarce. The older generation of nobles gradually pass away but their descendants still wear silk robes enjoying the flowers while listening to the tune of Shu Country Strings. As night falls the curtains that cover the flowers gradually darken the banquet is over and the delicately carved flowers begin to wither. Where have the young gentlemen and ladies gone? The moonlight is bright on the tower and only the swallows chirp in the night sky.
Annotations:
莲 (lián): refers to lotus flowers in the water.
秦蘅 (qín héng): a fragrant grass. 秦 refers to fragrant grass and 蘅 refers to the herbaceous plant Houttuynia cordata. Some say 秦 refers to a type of wood.
走马 (zǒu mǎ): riding horses at full speed. From the Book of Songs Ancient Duke Danfu came to court riding horses.
斸 (zhú): digging cutting. 春草 (chūn cǎo): refers to peonies.
香泥 (xiāng ní): fragrant soil. From Sui Jiangzong's Dazhuangyan Temple Inscription The trees are dense and continuous and the fragrance of the soil is lingering.
却月盆 (què yuè pén): semi-circular flower pot.
绿房 (lǜ fáng): refers to flower buds that are about to bloom. When the flower has not yet bloomed the bud is green hence the name.
迎白晓 (yíng bái xiǎo): blooming at dawn. 白晓 refers to the time when the sky is just getting bright.
美人 (měi rén): refers to noble men and women. 醉语 (zuì yǔ): drunken words.
散 (sàn): after the flowers bloom the petals become loose. 阑 (lán): scarce.
梁王 (liáng wáng): refers to Liu Wu the son of Emperor Wen of Han and here it refers to the older generation of nobles who carried gold on horseback. Some say 梁王 is the name of a precious peony variety at that time. 罗衣 (luó yī): originally refers to clothes made of soft silk fabric. Here it refers to the leaves of the peony flower.
拂袖 (fú xiù): brushing the sleeves; extending the sleeves. From Emperor Yuan of the Southern Liang's Xuanpu Niuzhuji Stele The painted boat heads towards the shore the brocade rope pulls the pier. Flowers fly brushing the sleeves lotus fragrance enters the clothes. Mountains and forests morning market all feel like forgetting to return.
蜀国弦 (shǔ guó xián): a famous song in the Yuefu folk music genre. Also known as Four String Song or Shu Country Four Strings. It was composed by Emperor Jianwen of the Southern Liang Lu Sidao of the Sui Dynasty Li He of the Tang Dynasty and others. Tang poet Xue Tao wrote in Poem Dedicated to General Wu at Jialing Post Station The Shu Gate rises to the blue sky and forcefully becomes a public song 'Shu Country Strings'.
归霞 (guī xiá): refers to the evening glow a unique term used by Li He. 帔拖 (pèi tuō): the long shadow dragged by the evening glow. Some say it refers to the petals swaying and about to fall.
《牡丹种曲》译文及注释详情»
创作背景
这段创作背景发生在唐朝贞元和元和年间，当时京都的贵族们热衷于赏玩牡丹花，为此花费了大量金钱。据唐代史学家李肇在《国史补》中所述，京城的贵族们已经沉迷于牡丹花赏玩已有三十多年了。每年年末，他们疯狂地驾驶车马，视不参与这一活动为耻辱。他们甚至在执金吾铺官围外的寺庙和观赏场所种植牡丹，以谋求经济利益，其中有些品种的牡丹价值高达数万贯。
面对这一现象，诗人李贺写下了一首诗，对这种行为进行了嘲讽。
《牡丹种曲》创作背景详情»
鉴赏
这篇鉴赏文章描述了牡丹花的生长和凋零，以及贵族的兴衰。文章通过描写牡丹花的栽种和花开，展现了牡丹花的美丽和繁盛。同时，通过比喻牡丹花的短暂花期，暗示了贵族富贵不常在的现象。
文章中提到的“莲枝未长秦蘅老”一句，表明牡丹花开放的时间是在暮春时节。而“走马驮金”一词则形容牡丹的价格之高，春草则指的是牡丹。接着，文章描述了牡丹的种植环境，即“水灌香泥却月盆”，并以“一夜绿房迎白晓”来形容牡丹花苞在黎明时分绽放的美景。
接下来的四句则描写了牡丹花的繁盛和贵族的兴盛。其中，“美人醉语园中烟，晚花已散蝶又阑”一句形容了牡丹花繁盛时的美丽景象，但也暗示了这种繁荣的短暂性。而“梁王老去罗衣在，拂袖风吹蜀国弦”一句则通过借指梁孝王和蜀国弦乐府曲名，表达了老一代贵族逐渐衰落，但新一代贵族仍然享受着贵族的生活。
最后的四句则继续以花写人，揭示了贵族的衰落和失去宠爱的命运。通过描写残花凋零和失去光彩的花帐，暗示了老一辈贵族的老死和新一辈贵族失去了皇帝的宠爱和恩泽。最后一句“檀郎谢女眠何处？楼台月明燕夜语”则以潘岳和谢安蓄妓为借指，表达了贵族的青年男女失去了归宿，曾经繁华的观花楼台只有燕子在明月下対语。
整篇文章通过描写牡丹花的生长和凋零，以及贵族的兴衰，展现了牡丹花的美丽和繁盛，同时也反映了贵族的荣耀和衰落。通过借物寓人的手法，将花与人相联系，以此来表达对贵族兴衰的思考和感慨。
《牡丹种曲》鉴赏详情»
赏析二
感有更深刻的认识。第三句“水灌香泥却月盆”是写牡丹的栽培过程。牡丹是一种喜欢湿润环境的花卉，需要经常浇水才能生长茂盛。诗人用“水灌香泥”来形容牡丹的生长环境，将牡丹与香泥相连，使其更加贴近自然的形象。而“却月盆”则是指牡丹的花盆，用来承载牡丹的美丽。这句诗通过描绘牡丹的栽培过程，展现了人们对牡丹的精心呵护和培养，体现了人与自然的和谐共生。
最后一句“一夜绿房迎白晓”是写牡丹的盛开景象。牡丹花开时，花瓣繁茂，色彩鲜艳，给人以视觉上的震撼。诗人用“绿房”来形容牡丹的花瓣，将其与绿色相连，使其更加生动鲜活。而“迎白晓”则是指牡丹在清晨时分绽放的美丽景象，给人以清新宜人的感觉。这句诗通过描绘牡丹的盛开景象，展现了牡丹的美丽和壮丽，使人们对牡丹的赞美之情油然而生。
整首诗通过描绘买花、培植、盛开的情景，展现了牡丹的高贵与美丽。诗人通过对牡丹的描写，间接地表达了对当时社会风气的不满和对高洁之花的赞美。诗中运用了形象生动的描写手法，使读者能够直观地感受到牡丹的美丽和壮丽，同时也引发了对社会现象的思考。整首诗语言优美，意境深远，是一首具有艺术价值和思想内涵的佳作。
《牡丹种曲》赏析二详情»
李贺
李贺（约公元791年-约817年）是唐代著名诗人，字长吉，汉族，出生于河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）。他家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐朝郑王李亮的后裔。
李贺被誉为“诗鬼”，与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维并称为唐代三李。他的诗集《昌谷集》流传至今。
李贺是中唐时期的浪漫主义诗人，被称为“太白仙才，长吉鬼才”。他是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇受赞誉的浪漫主义诗人。
李贺的生活方式充满了抑郁感伤和焦思苦吟。他在元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎的职位，回到了昌谷。然而，他在27岁的年纪英年早逝。