译文及注释

Translation:
Time passes like a flying boat endlessly repeating.
Just as the new year has passed suddenly it is already mid-year.
The southern window rarely sees withered trees while the northern side is flourishing with trees.
The rain god timely pours down sweet rain and the gentle south wind blows in the morning.
Since people are born who can avoid death? The law of life inevitably has an end.
Living a simple life waiting for fate to end why not rest with bent arms and embrace the Dao?
Fortunes change with both smooth and dangerous paths follow your heart without limits.
If you can face things with a broad perspective why bother climbing the high peaks of Songhua?

Annotations:
May 1st: Refers to writing this poem on the first day of May. 旦 here means the first day of the lunar calendar.
He: Singing in response answering with poetry following the theme and style of the poem given by Dai Zhubu. Dai Zhubu: A person with the surname Dai his deeds are unknown. 主簿 is an official title probably equivalent to the current Secretary-General in charge of documents.
Empty boat: A boat without cargo here it can be interpreted as a light boat. Yi: Fast and swift. Zhao: A long oar used for rowing. These two lines use the meaning of 若不系之舟，虚而遨游者也 from Zhuangzi · Lie Yu Kou metaphorically describing the swift passing of time.
Opening year: The beginning of the year. Fu Yang: Describes the brevity of time. Fu is the same as 俯.
Xing Ji: The name of a star here it refers to the year of Gui Chou (413 AD). In ancient times the year was divided into twelve parts each with a name and Xing Ji is one of them. When the star completes one part it is one year. 晋书·天文志 says 自南斗十二度至须女七度为星纪，于辰在丑. The ninth year of Jin Yi Xi was Gui Chou. Yan: Suddenly. Jiang Zhong: Approaching mid-year referring to May.
Rare: Rare scarce. Cui: Withered here it means dried up referring to withered objects.
Rong Qie Feng: Prosperous and abundant. Both 荣 and 丰 mean prosperous.
Shen Ping: Rain god. Also written as 萍光 or 神渊. 楚辞·天问 says 蓱起雨，何以兴之? Wang Yi's annotation says 蓱 萍翳 the name of the rain god. Xie: Same as 泻 pouring down.
Zou: Same as 凑 gathering. Jing Feng: In ancient times it referred to a gentle and auspicious wind. 尔雅·释天 says 四时和为通正，谓之景风. 列子·汤问 says 景凤翔，庆云浮. It also refers to the south wind or southeast wind as in 说文·风部. 《五月旦作和戴主簿》译文及注释详情»

创作背景

在晋安帝义熙九年（413年），陶渊明创作了这首诗。与他同时期创作的还有《形影神三首》。当时，陶渊明已经四十九岁了。

这个时期正值晋安帝义熙九年，这是一个充满变革和动荡的时代。陶渊明作为一位文学家和政治家，深受这个时代的影响。他的作品常常反映了社会的动荡和人们内心的挣扎。

在这首诗中，陶渊明可能表达了他对时代变迁的思考和对自己年龄增长的感慨。他已经四十九岁了，这是一个人生的转折点。他可能开始思考自己的人生意义和价值，以及如何应对未来的挑战。

此外，陶渊明的创作时间与《形影神三首》相近，这可能意味着他在这个时期特别有灵感和创作激情。他可能受到了某种启发或者遇到了一些特殊的经历，这促使他创作出这些优秀的作品。

总之，这首诗的创作背景是晋安帝义熙九年，陶渊明四十九岁。这个时期充满了变革和动荡，而陶渊明的创作也受到了这个时代的影响。他可能在这个时期思考了自己的人生和未来，并且受到了某种启发，创作出了这首优秀的诗歌作品。 《五月旦作和戴主簿》创作背景详情»

赏析

的雨，也就是春天的雨。“晨色奏景风”，晨色是指早晨的景色，奏是演奏的意思，这里是指早晨的景色如同音乐一样美妙动人，风也是指春天的风。这两句写的是春天的雨和风，春天的景色如诗如画。

最后两句是总结。前面写的是时间的流逝和自然景象，这里写的是人的感受。“人生代代无穷已”，人生代代无穷已，意思是人的一生是无穷无尽的，代代相传。“江月年年望相似”，江月年年望相似，意思是每年的江月都是相似的，不变的。这里用江月来象征时间的流逝，人的一生就像江月一样，年复一年，看似相同，但实际上每一年都是不同的。

整首诗通过描写时间的流逝和自然景象，表达了人生短暂而无穷的主题。时间匆匆而过，一年又一年，循环反复，人的一生也是如此。同时，通过描写五月的自然景象，展现了春天的美丽和生机。最后，通过江月的比喻，表达了人生的无尽和变化。整首诗以简洁明了的语言，深刻地揭示了时间和生命的无常，给人以深思。 《五月旦作和戴主簿》赏析详情»