译文及注释

译文：
往年曾经到五陵去旅游，子夜歌声清丽月光满楼。
In previous years I have traveled to the Five Tombs for sightseeing where the midnight song is clear and the moonlight fills the building.

树前点上明烛亮如白昼，身处美女群中忘掉春秋。
Bright candles are lit in front of the trees shining as bright as daylight. Being among a group of beautiful women I forget about the passage of time.

席中风流公子名叫无忌，座上俊俏佳人号称莫愁。
In the banquet there is a charming young man named Wuji and sitting beside him is a beautiful and attractive woman named Mo Chou.

如今碰上乱世都成幻梦，夕阳西下只见江水东流。
Nowadays encountering chaotic times has become like a dream. As the sun sets in the west only the flowing river can be seen.

注释：
五陵：The Five Tombs of the Han Dynasty where wealthy families and relatives of the emperors were relocated to live nearby. It also refers to a place where the wealthy reside.
子夜：Midnight. In the Southern Dynasties there were dozens of folk songs called Zi Ye Ge that sang about love between men and women. The songs were extremely beautiful. This is a pun.
银烛：Bright candles.
露桃：In Song Shu · Le Zhi it is mentioned that peaches grow on the dew well. In Du Mu's poem Inscription for the Temple of Lady Peach Blossom it says slender-waisted palace beauty fresh as dew-covered peaches silent and gentle how many springs have passed. Here 露桃 is used to metaphorically describe a beautiful woman as charming as peach blossoms.
西园公子：Referring to Cao Pi. 西园 was built by Cao Cao in present-day Linzhang County Henan. 无忌 was originally the name of Xianling Jun but here it refers to Cao Pi. Wei Huo's supplementary notes in Cai Diao Ji Volume Three: The young master should be Cao Pi. Today's '无忌' is probably because at that time the young master indulged in leisure and pleasure so he can be directly called '无忌' it is not a mistaken recognition of Cao Pi as Xianling Jun.
莫愁：A woman's name. In Old Book of Tang · Music Records it is mentioned that the 莫愁乐 originated from the 石城乐. There was a woman named 莫愁 in Shicheng who was good at singing and making rhymes. The 石城乐 had the sound of 莫愁 so the song goes: Where is 莫愁? 莫愁 is to the west of Shicheng. The boatman paddles the oars urging the sorrow to come. 《忆昔》译文及注释详情»

创作背景

韦庄是唐初宰相韦见素的后人，同时也是著名诗人韦应物的四世孙。他原本居住在长安附近，但后来搬迁到了虢州。在黄巢起义军攻破长安的时候，韦庄恰好在京城准备参加科举考试。面对这座古都的兴衰变迁，他深感慨，回忆起过去的辉煌，写下了这首七律诗《忆昔》。

这首诗以婉约的笔调表达了韦庄对长安的思念和对时光流转的感慨。他通过描绘长安的繁华景象和历史的变迁，表达了对过去辉煌时期的怀念之情。他用诗句中的讽刺手法，暗示了现实中的衰败和不幸。这首诗既是对长安的赞美，也是对时光流转的感慨，展现了韦庄对历史的独特理解和对人生的思考。

韦庄的创作背景是黄巢起义军攻破长安的历史事件。这次起义导致了长安的衰败和动荡，让韦庄深感痛惜。他在这个特殊的时刻来到京城，亲眼目睹了这座曾经繁华的都城的沦陷，这无疑对他产生了深远的影响。他的诗作《忆昔》正是在这种背景下创作而成，通过诗人的笔触，将他对长安的思念和对历史的反思融入其中。

这首诗以其独特的艺术表达方式和深刻的思想内涵，成为了韦庄的代表作之一。它不仅展现了韦庄对长安的深情厚意，也反映了他对时光流转和人生意义的思考。这首诗的创作背景使其更具有历史意义和文化价值，成为了唐代文学中的一颗璀璨明珠。 《忆昔》创作背景详情»

赏析

指的是唐代宰相杨国忌，他因为贪污受贿而被贬谪。诗中的“西园公子名无忌”暗指那些贪污腐败的官员，他们虽然名义上是公子，但实际上却无忌惮之心，肆意妄为。“南国佳人号莫愁”，指的是南朝宋时期的一位美女莫愁，她因为丈夫去世而悲伤终身。诗人通过这两个人物的对比，暗示那些放荡不羁的公子王孙与那些悲伤终身的佳人之间的反差，进一步揭示了那些公子王孙的荒淫无度和对人民苦难的漠视。

“昔年长安城，今日空留千古名”，最后一联，诗人通过对长安城的描绘，表达了对长安兴盛时期的怀念和对现实的失望。“昔年长安城”，指的是长安在唐朝时期的繁荣景象，那时的长安是世界上最繁华的城市之一。“今日空留千古名”，意味着长安如今已经不再繁荣，只剩下了历史的名声。诗人通过这一联，表达了对长安兴衰的感慨和对现实的不满，同时也暗示了对当时社会风气的批判。

整首诗以回忆为线索，通过对长安兴衰的描绘，表达了诗人对当时社会风气的不满和对人们的警示。诗人通过对豪门贵族的描写，揭示了他们的荒淫无度和对国家兴亡的漠视，同时也通过对历史人物的借用，进一步加深了对当时社会风气的讽刺。整首诗语言优美，意境深远，通过对长安兴衰的描绘，展现了诗人对社会现实的关注和对人性的思考。 《忆昔》赏析详情»