《永遇乐·次稼轩北固楼词韵》原文赏析
-
yǒng永yù遇lè乐·cì次jià稼xuān轩beǐ北gù固lóu楼cí词yùn韵
-
[sòng宋dài代]jiāng姜kuí夔
-
yún云gé隔mí迷lóu楼，tái苔fēng封hěn很shí石，rén人xiàng向hé何chù处。shǔ数qí骑qiū秋yān烟，yī一gāo篙hán寒xī汐，qiān千gǔ古kōng空lái来qù去。shǐ使jūn君xīn心zài在，cāng苍厓lǜ绿zhàng嶂，kǔ苦beì被beǐ北mén门liú留zhù住。yǒu有zūn尊zhōng中jiǔ酒chà差kě可yǐn饮，dà大qí旗jìn尽xiù绣xióng熊hǔ虎。
-
qián前shēn身zhū诸gě葛，lái来yóu游cǐ此dì地，shǔ数yǔ语biàn便chóu酬sān三gù顾。lóu楼wài外míng冥míng冥，jiāng江gāo皋yǐn隐yǐn隐，rèn认dé得zhēng征xī西lù路。zhōng中yuán原shēng生jù聚，shén神jīng京qí耆lǎo老，nán南wàng望cháng长huái淮jīn金gǔ鼓。wèn问dāng当shí时、yī依yī依zhòng种liǔ柳，zhì至jīn今zài在fǒu否。
译文及注释
Translation:
Outside the city of Yangzhou clouds and mist are pervasive and moss covers the surrounding rocks. Where have the heroes of the past gone? Only the cavalry in the autumn smoke and the boats in the cold tide continue to come and go year after year. His heart has already fallen in love with the pastoral life of the green mountains and fields but he is burdened with being assigned to Jingkou the gateway to the northern frontier. Although there is wine in the jar to drink he still needs to raise the flag embroidered with bears and tigers.
You are the Zhuge Liang of the past visiting here for a sightseeing trip. With just a few words about military affairs you can gain the admiration similar to Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage. But now outside the city of Yangzhou it is dark and unclear and the riverbank is vaguely visible. (Jiaxuan however you can) recognize the way to the west. The Central Plains region is populous and wealthy and the elderly in Bianjing look south day and night hoping for your northern expedition. Jiaxuan on the eve of this northern expedition what are you thinking? Do you want to ask the willows that you personally planted back then: Are you doing well now?
Annotations:
Yong Yu Le: The name of a poetic form with both flat and oblique tones. The oblique tone form originated from the Northern Song Dynasty and can be found in Liu Yong's Yue Zhang Ji. Ci Pu regards Su Shi's poetry as the standard form. It consists of 104 characters in two parts with eleven lines of oblique tones in each part. The third line of the upper part has two fewer characters than the third line of the lower part and the concluding line of the upper part has two more characters than the concluding line of the lower part while the rest of the lines have the same structure. The flat tone form was created by Chen Yunping in the Southern Song Dynasty with the same intonation and flat and oblique tones as Su Shi's poetry. Also known as Xiao Xi.
Ci Yun: Using the original form and rhyme of the original work and creating a new work in the same rhyme order it is called Ci Yun.
Mi Lou: The name of a tower built by Emperor Yang of Sui in Yangzhou. It faces Beigu Pavilion across the river. The tower is intricately designed and magnificent unparalleled in history. On the day the tower was completed Emperor Yang of Sui said Even if a true immortal were to wander inside they would also get lost. It can be called the 'Mi Lou'.
Hen Shi: The name of a stone located in Ganzu Temple on Beigu Mountain in Jiangsu Province. It resembles a crouching sheep. It is said that Sun Quan and Liu Bei once discussed matters on this stone. Luo Yin's poem says With purple beard and mulberry hat they pondered deeply on the Hen Stone. It remains but the events are no longer sought.
People: Referring to Emperor Yang of Sui Sun Quan Liu Bei and other individuals.
Ji: One person and one horse.
Gao: A bamboo pole used to pole a boat.
Xi: Evening tide.
The three lines about Shi Jun: It means that Xin Qiji enjoys the pastoral life but is burdened with national affairs stationed in Jingkou unable to fulfill his wish to retire. Shi Jun: The title for the governor of a province or prefecture in the Han Dynasty here referring to Xin Qiji. Cang Ya Lv Zhang: Green mountains and hills. Cang Ya: Same as cliff. North Gate: Referring to Jingkou the northern gateway of the Southern Song Dynasty. Old Book of Tang Biography of Pei Du records that in the second year of Kaicheng Pei Du was appointed to concurrently hold his original position as governor.
《永遇乐·次稼轩北固楼词韵》译文及注释详情»
创作背景
辛弃疾是中国南宋时期的一位著名文学家和政治家。他在1205年65岁时被任命为镇江知府，并积极准备北伐，希望能够恢复宋朝的统一。在这个背景下，辛弃疾写下了《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》这首词。
这首词的创作背景是辛弃疾对北伐的热切期望和对过去辉煌的怀念。北伐是辛弃疾为了恢复宋朝的统一而积极准备的行动，他希望能够借此机会重振国家的雄风。而《京口北固亭怀古》这首词则是辛弃疾在北伐前夕，站在京口北固亭上回忆过去的辉煌和对未来的期许。
辛弃疾的政治主张得到了当时的文人士大夫的支持和赞赏。姜夔是当时的一位文学家，他深受辛弃疾的词作的感动，决定以辛词的韵脚填写此词，表达对辛弃疾政治主张的支持和赞赏。这也体现了当时文人士大夫对辛弃疾的政治抱负的认同和对他的文学才华的赞赏。
总之，辛弃疾在1205年转任镇江知府并积极准备北伐，希望能够恢复宋朝的统一。他写下了《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》这首词，表达了对过去辉煌的怀念和对未来的期许。姜夔受到辛词的感动，填写了这首词，表示对辛弃疾政治主张的支持和赞赏。这一切都发生在南宋时期，是当时政治和文化环境下的一段重要历史背景。
《永遇乐·次稼轩北固楼词韵》创作背景详情»
赏析
《永遇乐·次稼轩北固楼词韵》是姜夔效法辛弃疾词而又保持自己特色的一首佳作。这首词是在1204年，辛弃疾被派往镇江府时写的。姜夔在这首词中采用了辛弃疾的词韵，并以此来表达自己对稼轩的赞扬和对国家兴亡的关切。
词的上片以北固楼前的风景为起点，引出了辛弃疾作为抗金英雄的形象。词中提到江山没有变化，而古代英雄已经逝去。这表达了当前国家需要英雄来抵御外敌、实现中兴的紧迫需求。虽然与辛弃疾的词开头有些相似，但姜夔的写法和意境却各有不同。姜夔运用对仗句写出了扬州被云雾遮隔的景象，以及北固山上的英雄遗迹。他巧妙地将情景与含蓄的境界相结合，展现出雄浑而永恒的韵味。接下来的几句描述了秋烟中的征骑和寒潮中的船只，它们年复一年地来去，而古代英雄已经逝去。这与辛弃疾的“舞榭”三句有些相似，都表达了对江山寂寞和时势消沉的感慨，但在具体的写法和风格上有所不同。辛弃疾直接地表达了悲壮和沉郁，而姜夔则通过侧面的描写和反衬来表达凄婉和空灵。姜夔在学习稼轩的同时也善于变化，这在这首词中得到了体现。
通过这首词，姜夔不仅展示了自己的才华，还表达了北方人民对统一的渴望，并激励了辛弃疾完成收复中原的重任。这首词既是对辛弃疾的致敬，也是对国家兴亡的思考和呼唤。
《永遇乐·次稼轩北固楼词韵》赏析详情»
姜夔
姜夔（1154年—1221年），字尧章，号白石道人，汉族，出生于饶州鄱阳（今江西省鄱阳县）。他是南宋时期的一位文学家和音乐家，被誉为艺术全才。
姜夔的作品以空灵含蓄而著称，他在诗词、散文、书法和音乐方面都有出色的造诣。他的诗词作品充满了深情和哲理，表达了对自然和人生的思考和感悟。他的散文作品则展现了他对社会现象和人性的独到见解。姜夔的书法风格独特，笔力雄健，被誉为一代宗师。他还是一位出色的音乐家，创作了许多优美动人的歌曲。
姜夔的代表作品有《白石道人诗集》、《白石道人歌曲》、《续书谱》和《绛帖平》等。这些作品流传至今，被后人广泛传颂和研究。
姜夔于1221年去世，享年67岁。他的离世给南宋文坛带来了巨大的损失，被誉为继苏轼之后又一位难得的艺术全才。他的艺术成就和影响力在中国文化史上占有重要地位。