译文及注释

译文：On the roof tiles outside the house a thin layer of frost has formed. Inside the house under the dim light I feel a deep sadness as I prepare to send him warm clothes. It is said that those stationed on the border endure extreme cold and easily become thin and haggard. I really want to take a good look at him carefully observe his appearance. If we can meet in a dream tonight we must tightly hold each other's hands and gaze into each other's eyes.

Alone in the cold quilt alone in the empty room it is better to come to the riverside again and wash his clothes under the moonlight. The deep autumn brings heavy coldness and the lonely night seems endless. The sound of pounding clothes under the moonlight echoes with longing and desolation. Suddenly looking back I find that the moon has already risen in the southwest. Thinking of how many lovers in the world have already embraced each other and fallen asleep it makes my heart ache even more!

注释：南乡子：A song title from the Tang Dynasty later used as a poetic form. Also known as Goodbye Hometown or Complaint of Banana Leaves. Originally monotonous it has three different versions with 27 28 and 30 characters respectively with changes in tones and rhymes.

捣衣：In ancient times people used a wooden pestle to pound clothes on a stone slab to clean them hence the name. Yang Shen's Dan Qian Zong Lu mentions: In ancient times when pounding clothes two women would stand facing each other each holding a pestle just like pounding spring rice. I have seen paintings from the Six Dynasties period depicting clothes pounding and they were made in this way.

鸳瓦：Refers to roof tiles with a pattern of mandarin ducks.

支枕怯空房：Means being alone in an empty room propping up a pillow and leaning against it feeling a sense of fear.

清砧（zhēn）：Refers to the pounding stone used for washing clothes. In Du Fu's poem Ming it says: Half of the window is open candlelight shines wanting to hide but still seeing the clear pounding stone. 《南乡子·捣衣》译文及注释详情»

创作背景

这篇创作背景描述了诗人对挚友吴兆骞的思念和感情。吴兆骞与诗人在文坛上都有很高的声望，他们的私交非常密切。然而，不幸的是，吴兆骞因为江南乡试作弊案被诬陷，被流放到宁古塔（今黑龙江宁安县）。这对于诗人来说是一个巨大的打击，他对于自己的手足知己遭遇如此大难感到非常牵挂和忧虑，心情十分沉重。 《南乡子·捣衣》创作背景详情»

赏析

，寒冷的夜晚更加增添了思妇的孤独和凄凉。她在月光下擦拭捣衣之石，不仅是为了消磨时光，更是为了寄托对征夫的思念和期盼。她希望征夫能够早日归来，与她团聚。而在这个寒冷的夜晚，思妇的心情愈发凄凉，她感叹道：“怯空房，凄凉，断肠。”这些词语表达了她内心深处的痛苦和无奈。她在空荡荡的房间里感到胆怯，她的心情凄凉到了极点，甚至感到自己的心都要断裂了。整个下片通过描绘思妇的心境和情感，展现了她对征夫的思念之情。

这首词以细腻的笔触描绘了思妇的内心世界和情感体验。通过对捣衣、秋声、空房等细节的描写，词中透露出思妇的孤独、凄凉和对征夫的思念之情。整首词情感真挚，意境凄美，给人以深深的触动。纳兰的词作以其独特的艺术表达方式和深刻的情感描写，成为了中国古典诗词中的经典之作。