《长歌行》原文赏析
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cháng长gē歌xíng行
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[sòng宋dài代]lù陆yóu游
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rén人shēng生bù不zuò作ān安qī期shēng生，zuì醉rù入dōng东hǎi海qí骑cháng长jīng鲸；
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yóu犹dāng当chū出zuò作lǐ李xī西píng平，shǒu手xiāo枭nì逆zeí贼qīng清jiù旧jīng京。
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jīn金yìn印huáng煌huáng煌weì未rù入shǒu手，bái白fā发zhòng种zhòng种lái来wú无qíng情。
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chéng成dū都gǔ古sì寺wò卧qiū秋wǎn晚，luò落rì日piān偏bàng傍sēng僧chuāng窗míng明。
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qǐ岂qí其mǎ马shàng上pò破zeí贼shǒu手，ó哦shī诗cháng长zuò作hán寒螿míng鸣？
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xìng兴lái来mǎi买jìn尽shì市qiáo桥jiǔ酒，dà大chē车leǐ磊luò落duī堆cháng长píng瓶；
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aī哀sī丝háo豪zhú竹zhù助jù剧yǐn饮，rú如jù钜yě野shòu受huáng黄hé河qīng倾。
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píng平shí时yī一dī滴bù不rù入kǒu口，yì意qì气dùn顿shǐ使qiān千rén人jīng惊。
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guó国chóu仇weì未bào报zhuàng壮shì士lǎo老，xiá匣zhōng中bǎo宝jiàn剑yè夜yǒu有shēng声。
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hé何dāng当kǎi凯xuàn旋yàn宴jiāng将shì士，sān三gēng更xuě雪yā压feī飞hú狐chéng城！
译文及注释
Translation:
A person living in the world even if they cannot be an immortal like An Qisheng riding on a whale in the East Sea while playing and wandering around; they should at least be a famous general like Li Xiping leading troops to kill enemies and reclaim the occupied territory and the capital Chang'an.
Unfortunately I have not achieved any accomplishments but I am already old with white hair and a desolate spirit. In the evening lying in this ancient temple in Chengdu I watch the setting sun's afterglow decorating the gauze window of the monk's room.
Ah could it be that I a skilled warrior on the battlefield have become such a useless person who only writes poetry like a cicada in the cold?
When I am in high spirits I buy all the wine from the restaurant by the bridge; the long wine bottles fill up the entire cart. I call for a band to play a mournful and majestic music to liven up the atmosphere and drinking feels like the Yellow River pouring into the Ju Wilds.
I usually don't drink so this bold and heroic demeanor immediately astonishes and amazes many people. The national vengeance has not been avenged but the heroes have already grown old; the sword in the box cannot bear the loneliness and emits a resounding howl in the middle of the night.
When will I reclaim the Feihu City in the heavy snow at three in the morning return triumphantly and celebrate with the generals and soldiers?
Annotations:
Changge Xing: A famous tune in Han Yuefu.
An Qisheng: A legendary immortal during the time of Emperor Qin Shi Huang.
Youdang: Should. Expressing a wish.
Li Xiping: Li Cheng a famous general of the Tang Dynasty was awarded the title of Xiping King for his achievements in suppressing rebellions.
Xiao: To kill.
Old Capital: Referring to the capital city of Chang'an during the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of the Xingyuan era of Emperor Dezong of Tang (784 AD) Li Cheng recaptured Chang'an from the rebel general Zhu Ci.
Zhongzhong: The appearance of short hair.
Lai Wuqing: Growing without mercy.
Chengdu: Now located in Chengdu Sichuan Province. Lu You stayed in Chengdu and resided in the Duofu Temple.
Qiqi: Could it be. Expressing a rhetorical question.
Hancan: A small cicada smaller in size than a regular cicada.
Shiqiao: The name of a bridge in Shiniu Gate Chengdu.
Leiluo: The appearance of wine bottles stacked up.
Aisi Haozhu: Referring to mournful and majestic music. Si: stringed instrument; Zhu: wind instrument.
Juyin: Drinking heavily.
Juye: An ancient marsh. The ruins are located near present-day Juye County Shandong Province close to the Yellow River.
Dun: Immediately.
Xia: Sword sheath.
The sword in the box makes a sound at night: This expresses the dissatisfaction of unfulfilled ambitions.
Hedang: When will.
Kaixuan: Returning triumphantly.
《长歌行》译文及注释详情»
创作背景
这篇创作背景描述了陆游在1174年创作七古的情境。当时陆游已经五十岁，离开了蜀州通判的职位，退居成都的安福院僧寮。他在闲居中回想起自己一生所经历的种种，特别是被调回的经历，让他原本期望能够杀敌的希望落空，心中感到非常苦闷。因此，他借助这首诗来表达自己内心的抱负和情感。 《长歌行》创作背景详情»
赏析
这首诗以浪漫的手法开始，前四句表达了诗人的抱负。他希望能成为像安期生那样的神仙，游戏人生；或者像李西平那样的名将，杀敌立功。这四句写得气势雄壮，给人一种强烈的激励感，使人感到振奋。从表达上来看，前者只是后者的陪衬，成为神仙只是一种幻想，成为名将才是诗人努力想要实现的目标。同时，用李西平的事例也非常贴切当时的时局，陆游正是希望能像李西平一样扫平逆贼，收复旧京长安，就像扫平金虏，收复旧都汴京一样。
然而，现实是残酷无情的，愿望是如此虚无缥缈。诗人回到现实，将前四句所表达的雄壮气势一下子倒转过来，感叹自己年纪已大，功业无成，只能闲居在僧寮，无聊地躺着，默默地看着夕阳西下。他意识到，像他这样的战士，不能只做个诗人，发出凄苦的吟声，这不是他所愿意的。于是诗在沉重的压抑中再度放开，故作豪言壮语，先写自己放纵于酒，意气奋发，从而在吐露心中郁结的烦闷时，表现出自己的豪情和对未来的向往，这就是收复失地，饮酒庆功。最后两句结构自然，既与前文中的饮酒呼应，又与开头的要做李西平遥相呼应。
后人评价放翁的诗中，有十九首都是关于从军的作品。虽然这首诗是在闲居中抒发情怀，但主题仍与从军诗保持一致。诗的格调雄放豪迈，悲中带壮，既有不满和牢骚，又充满积极向上的奋斗精神。无论是醉歌作达还是自我排遣，都紧密围绕着对国家事务的关心和对未来的信心。因此，这首诗具有很强的鼓舞力量。
《长歌行》赏析详情»
陆游
陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁，是南宋时期著名的诗人。他出生在越州山阴（今浙江绍兴），是汉族。在他的少年时期，受到了家庭的爱国思想的熏陶。高宗时期，他参加了礼部试，但因为秦桧的干扰而被黜落。后来，孝宗时期，他获得了进士出身的荣誉。
陆游中年时期前往蜀地，投身于军旅生活，并且在宝章阁担任待制官职。晚年时，他选择退居到自己的家乡。陆游的诗歌创作非常丰富，至今保存下来的有九千多首。他的诗歌内容广泛，涵盖了各种主题和情感。
陆游还著有多部著作，包括《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》和《老学庵笔记》等。这些著作展示了他的学识广博和文学才华。在他的作品中，他表达了对祖国的热爱和对社会现实的关注，同时也展现了他对人生的思考和感悟。
陆游的一生充满了坎坷和挫折，但他始终保持着对文学的热情和对国家的忠诚。他的诗歌作品不仅在当时广为流传，而且对后世的文学创作产生了深远的影响。他被誉为南宋时期最杰出的诗人之一，他的作品至今仍然被广泛研究和欣赏。