Translation:
Valley winds come swiftly and fiercely dark clouds gather and heavy rain pours. Husband and wife should encourage each other and be harmonious not getting angry and incompatible. Picking radishes and greens should we not care about the roots? Do not abandon the kind words of the past: I will be with you until death.
Taking slow steps out the door my heart cannot bear to move my feet. I don't seek to send you far away but who knew I would only send you to the doorstep. Who says bitter vegetables are the most bitter? In my opinion they are as sweet as shepherd's purse. You newlyweds are so happy even siblings cannot compare.
The Wei River flows into the Jing River though the Jing River is muddy the riverbed is clear. You newlyweds are so happy not knowing how my heart aches for you. Don't come to my fish dam don't open the fish basket again. Since you don't accept me now who will care about me in the future?
It's like crossing a deep river you use a raft or boat to cross. It's like the river is clear and shallow I swim to the other side. There are things missing in the house I prepare and provide for you wholeheartedly. When neighbors have disasters I rush to help without delay.
If you don't love me it's fine but you shouldn't treat me as an enemy. You ignore my good intentions it's like goods that no one wants to buy. In the past I feared poverty and worked hard together through hardships. Now that our family's situation has improved you treat me like a poisonous insect.
I prepare dried and pickled vegetables storing them for the winter. You newlyweds are so happy using my savings to fend off poverty. You bully me with harsh words and heavy work I bear the burden of rough and difficult tasks. You no longer remember our past love it has all become empty.
Annotations:
Beizhou: A vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty in what is now southeastern Tangyin County Henan Province.
Valley winds: East wind a wind that promotes growth. It is also said to be a wind of great anger.
Xixi: A relaxed and comfortable appearance. It is also said to mean continuous and uninterrupted.
With yin and rain: To be yin and rain to nourish all things metaphorically representing the harmony between husband and wife. It is also said to not have the meaning of clear and sunny metaphorically representing the husband's anger.
Minmian: Diligent and hardworking.
Feng: Shepherd's purse. The leaves and roots are edible.
Fei: Radishes and similar vegetables.
Not wanting the root: It means to want the leaves but not the roots metaphorically representing abandoning the old for the new. Yi to use. Xiaoti referring to the roots.
De yin: Refers to the good words the husband has said to her in the past.
Chichi: Slow and leisurely walking slowly.
Zhongxin: In the heart. Violating: Actions that go against one's intentions.
Yi: Is. Er: Close.
Bo: A particle used in speech.
Ji: Threshold.
Tu: Bitter vegetables.
Ji: Shepherd's purse also said to be sweet vegetables.
Yan: Happiness. Hun: Marriage.
《谷风》译文及注释详情»
这首诗是一位被丈夫遗弃的女子写的诉苦之作。根据朱熹的《诗集传》、方玉润的《诗经原始》，以及今人高亨的《诗经今注》和程俊英的《诗经译注》等多位学者的观点，都认同了这一说法。陈子展在《诗经直解》中也提到：“《邶风·谷风》是一首弃妇之词。有人怀疑《小雅·谷风》也可能是弃妇之词。虽然母题相同，但内容往往相似，这是常见的歌谣形式。”
根据这些学者的解读，这首诗描绘了一位被丈夫遗弃的女子的心情。她感到被抛弃后的孤独和无助，同时也表达了对丈夫的愤怒和悲伤。这种情感的表达方式常见于古代的歌谣和诗歌中。
这首诗的创作背景可能是古代社会中普遍存在的婚姻不幸和家庭破裂问题。在古代社会，妇女的地位相对较低，她们在婚姻中往往没有太多的选择权和自主权。一旦丈夫离弃，她们往往会面临巨大的困境和痛苦。
通过这首诗，女子表达了她内心深处的痛苦和无奈，同时也反映了古代社会中婚姻不幸的普遍现象。这种创作背景使得这首诗具有了更深刻的意义和价值，成为了诗经中一首具有代表性的作品。
《谷风》创作背景详情»
为甘的比喻，来表达自己对丈夫的思念和对过去美好生活的怀念。这种生动的比喻使诗歌更加贴近生活，增加了读者的共鸣和情感的共鸣。
最后是诗歌的艺术风格。整首诗以叙事为主，通过女子的口吻陈述自己的遭遇和感受，没有直接谴责丈夫的行为，而是以怨而不怒的态度表达自己的痛苦和委屈。这种温柔敦厚的诗教传统体现了孔子对于诗歌的赞赏和推崇。同时，诗中运用了对比的手法和生动的比喻，使诗歌更加生动有力，增强了抒情的效果。
总的来说，《邶风·谷风》是一首以弃妇的口吻陈述被弃的痛苦的诗歌。与《卫风·氓》相比，虽然女子在性格上不如前者决绝果断，但在回忆往事和述说情怀时怨而不怒，并没有对负心汉进行直接的谴责。诗歌运用了对比的手法和生动的比喻，增强了抒情的效果。同时，诗歌的艺术风格体现了被孔子称道的温柔敦厚的诗教传统。整首诗通过女子的叙述，展现了被弃之人的无比愁苦和委屈，引起了读者的共鸣和情感的共鸣。
《谷风》鉴赏详情»
译文：
谷口呼呼刮大风，大风夹带阵阵雨。当年担惊受怕时，唯我帮你分忧虑。如今富裕又安乐，你却弃我掉头去。
谷口呼呼刮大风，大风旋转不停息。当年担惊受怕时，你搂我在怀抱里。如今富裕又安乐，将我抛开全忘记。
谷口呼呼风不停，刮过巍巍高山岭。刮得百草全枯死，刮得树木都凋零。我的好处你全忘。专门记我小毛病。
注释：
习习：大风声。
维：是。
将：方，正当。
与：助。女：同“汝”，你。
转：反而。
颓：自上而下的旋风。
寘：同“置”。
遗：遗忘。
崔嵬（wéi）：山高峻的样子。
《谷风》译文及注释详情»
这首诗的创作背景有两种主要说法。旧说认为这首诗是因为作者与朋友之间的争吵而写成的，朋友们相互背离，导致作者感到怨恨和失望。而现代人更多地认为这首诗是一位被遗弃的妇女所写的。这位妇女可能经历了感情的背叛和痛苦，她通过这首诗表达了自己内心的苦闷和无助。无论是哪种说法，这首诗都展现了作者对人际关系的痛苦和对生活的困惑。这种情感的表达使得这首诗具有了深刻的内涵和感染力，引起了人们对作者的关注和思考。 《谷风》创作背景详情»
《谷风》是一首古代诗歌，其主题多有争议。根据《毛诗序》的解释，这首诗是为了批评幽王的行为而创作的。幽王对朋友的道义已经断绝，这反映了当时社会道德的低下。朱熹也认同这种观点，但他并没有将伤友道之绝与刺周幽王的意图直接联系起来。方玉润在《诗经原始》中支持了朱熹的观点，并批驳了《毛诗序》中关于刺幽王的说法。现代学者高亨、程俊英等则认为这首诗是关于弃妇的诗歌。陈子展在《诗经直解》中虽然仍然支持旧说，但他也提到了《小雅·谷风》可能也是关于弃妇的诗歌。他认为，虽然题目和内容可能相同，但这种情况在歌谣中很常见。他还引用了《后汉·阴皇后纪》中的一段文字作为证据，说明这首诗早在后汉时期就被视为关于弃妇的诗歌。
这首诗描绘了一个被丈夫遗弃的女主人公。她回忆起过去贫困的日子，她为了帮助丈夫克服困难而辛勤劳作，丈夫也对她体贴疼爱。然而，当生活变得安定富裕时，丈夫却变心了，忘恩负义地将她抛弃。因此，她唱出这首诗来谴责那个只能与她共同面对困难，却不能与她共同享受安乐的负心丈夫。
这首诗使用了风雨的描写手法，与《邶风·谷风》相似。这两首《谷风》诗的主题完全相同，这可能是因为在风雨交加的时候，人们更容易触发凄苦之情。被丈夫遗弃的妇女面对凄风苦雨，会增添无穷的伤怀愁绪，发出“秋风秋雨愁煞人”的哀叹。
这首诗的语言凄恻而又委婉，只是娓娓地叙述被遗弃前后的事实，没有加入谴责和骂詈的词句，但责备的意思已经充分表露。这种“怨而不怒”的表达方式说明主人公是一位性格善良懦弱的劳动妇女。这也反映了几千年前妇女在被压迫的屈辱境地中，没有独立的人格和地位。
《谷风》鉴赏详情»