《小旻》原文赏析

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原文: 旻天疾威,敷于下土。
谋犹回遹,何日斯沮?谋臧不从,不臧覆用。
我视谋犹,亦孔之邛。
潝潝訿訿,亦孔之哀。
谋之其臧,则具是违。
谋之不臧,则具是依。
我视谋犹,伊于胡厎。
我龟既厌,不我告犹。
谋夫孔多,是用不集。
发言盈庭,谁敢执其咎?如匪行迈谋,是用不得于道。
哀哉为犹,匪先民是程,匪大犹是经。
维迩言是听,维迩言是争。
如彼筑室于道谋,是用不溃于成。
国虽靡止,或圣或否。
民虽靡膴,或哲或谋,或肃或艾。
如彼泉流,无沦胥以败。
不敢暴虎,不敢冯河。
人知其一,莫知其他。
战战兢兢,如临深渊,如履薄冰。


相关标签:诗经爱国怨刺

译文及注释

Translation:
Heaven oh heaven is too cruel and violent disasters have befallen our country. The court's strategies are truly perverse I don't know when they will cease. Good plans are difficult to follow wicked ways never end. I see too many flaws in the court's plans.

The petty people chatter and attack those who are different unable to distinguish right from wrong I feel sorrowful. If there are any good strategies they refuse to listen. If there are any bad schemes they all agree. I see no end to the court's plans.

The divination turtle is tired and no longer talks to me about plans. There are many advisors and strategists but they have no good ideas. Discussions are rampant in the court but who dares to point out the flaws? It's like planning a journey but it proves ineffective on the road.

I am saddened by such planning the ancient sages are not emulated the conventional path is not followed. The king loves to hear the words of the near and obscure shallow opinions gather in disputes. It's like building a palace on a road of course it won't succeed.

Although the country lacks laws people have intelligence and confusion. Although the people are not wealthy there are wise and strategic individuals capable of governing the country with seriousness. It's like a flowing spring preventing decay and staleness!

I dare not go empty-handed to fight a tiger I dare not cross a river on foot. People only know of these dangers but are unaware of other disasters. I tremble in the face of the political situation like standing on the edge of a deep abyss like stepping on thin ice.

Annotations:
旻 (mín)天: Autumn here referring to heaven. 疾威: Cruel and violent.
敷: To bestow. 下土: The mortal world.
谋犹: Planning strategizing. 犹 and 谋 are synonymous. 回遹 (yù): Perverse.
斯: Similar to 乃 or 才. 沮: To stop.
臧 (zāng): Good virtuous. 从: To obey adopt.
覆: To go against contrary. 孔: Very. 邛 (qióng): Flaws mistakes.
潝 (xì)潝: The appearance of petty people conspiring and agreeing with each other. 訿 (zǐ)訿: The appearance of petty people attacking and destroying those who are different.
具: Same as 俱 all. 依: To follow obey.
伊: To push. 于: To go to. 胡: What. 底: To the point of chaos.
龟: Referring to the divination turtle. 厌: To dislike.
犹: Planning. 用: Similar to 以 to use. 集: To achieve.
咎 (jiù): Fault guilt. 匪: That. 行迈谋: Planning on how to walk.
匪: Not. 先民: Ancient people referring to the ancient sages. 程: To emulate.
大犹: The great path the conventional. 经: To manage to follow.
维: Same as 唯 only. 《小旻》译文及注释详情»

创作背景

这篇创作背景描述了一位官吏对周代统治者的讽刺。根据全诗的内容,作者应该是西周王朝末期的一位官吏。虽然无法确定是讽刺周幽王还是周厉王,但诗中描述的最高统治者都表现出骄奢腐朽、昏愦无道的特点。他们无法分辨善恶,无法辨别是非,听信邪僻之言,重用奸佞之臣。他们不知道覆灭的灾祸已经积蓄,等待着他们的到来。 《小旻》创作背景详情»

鉴赏

这篇鉴赏文章主要对一首诗进行了分析和解读。文章指出,这首诗共分为六章,前三章每章八句,后三章每章七句。第一章以怨天的口气开篇,表达了作者对当前王朝政治灾难和昏庸国王的愤慨和忧虑。第二章进一步指出政治混乱的原因是掌权者的争斗和党同伐异,加深了第一章的表述。第三章通过一个典型的事例再次表达了对政治和国家命运的深切忧虑,并批评朝廷上的空谈。第四章进一步说明当前王朝的政令策谋脱离实际。第五章以谏劝的口气告诫国王要择善而从,不要使人才流散消亡。最后一章再次表达了作者对国事的忧虑,其中的“战战兢兢”三句形象地描绘了作者焦虑的心态。

文章认为,这首诗更像是一首政治抒情诗,虽然其中也有政治讽刺的成分。作者以对国事的忧虑为主线,通过叙述、揭露、讽刺和议论的手法,形成了明确的主题、丰富的内容和深厚的感情。诗中展现了作者敏锐的政治洞察力和深厚的爱国感情,表达了对政治弊端和国家命运的关切。这些正是这首诗的思想价值所在。 《小旻》鉴赏详情»

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