《代出自蓟北门行》原文赏析
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dài代chū出zì自jì蓟beǐ北mén门xíng行
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[nán南beǐ北cháo朝]bào鲍zhào照
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yǔ羽xí檄qǐ起biān边tíng亭，fēng烽huǒ火rù入xián咸yáng阳。
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zhēng征shī师tún屯guǎng广wǔ武，fēn分bīng兵jiù救shuò朔fāng方。(zhēng征shī师yī一zuò作：zhēng征qí骑)
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yán严qiū秋jīn筋gān竿jìn劲，lǔ虏zhèn阵jīng精qiě且qiáng强。
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tiān天zǐ子àn按jiàn剑nù怒，shǐ使zhě者yáo遥xiāng相wàng望。
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yàn雁xíng行yuán缘shí石jìng径，yú鱼guàn贯dù度feī飞liáng梁。
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xiāo箫gǔ鼓liú流hàn汉sī思，jīng旌jiǎ甲beì被hú胡shuāng霜。
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jí疾fēng风chōng冲sài塞qǐ起，shā沙lì砾zì自piāo飘yáng扬。
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mǎ马máo毛suō缩rú如蝟，jiǎo角gōng弓bù不kě可zhāng张。
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shí时weī危jiàn见chén臣jié节，shì世luàn乱shí识zhōng忠liáng良。
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tóu投qū躯bào报míng明zhǔ主，shēn身sǐ死weí为guó国shāng殇。
译文及注释
Translation:
Emergency recruitment documents came from the border outpost and news of the outbreak of war had reached the capital. The recruited cavalry stationed in Guangwu County dividing their forces to rescue the trapped soldiers in Shuofang. Although the autumn of slaughter was extremely cold the soldiers' fighting spirit was not weakened at all and their bows and arrows became even stronger. However the enemy's battle formation was also elite and strong. When the emperor heard the news of the enemy's arrogance he couldn't suppress his anger and personally fought against the enemy on the battlefield. The war was extremely intense with messengers constantly coming and going to deliver military information. The army marched along the stone path like a formation of flying geese; the soldiers crossed the bridges one by one like swimming fish connected in a row. The military music revealed the sentiments of the Han people and the soldiers' banners and armor were covered with the frost and snow of the northern lands. They charged into battle against the strong winds and the gravel on the battlefield was lifted and carried by the wind. Because of the cold weather the horse's hair curled up like a hedgehog and the bowstring couldn't be pulled open. But it is only in dangerous times that one can see the integrity of those officials; it is only in times of chaos that one can see whether a person is loyal and righteous. The soldiers fought and sacrificed their lives in order to repay the grace of their ruler. After their death they would become glorious martyrs who sacrificed themselves for the country.
Annotations:
Daichu Zì Jì Běi Mén Xíng is an old title of Yuefu belonging to the category of miscellaneous songs. This poem portrays the heroic ambition and passion of soldiers who join the army to defend their country through the depiction of urgent military affairs and the harsh environment of the border. Ji the ancient capital of the Yan Kingdom is now southwest of Beijing.
Yuxi: An urgent military document in ancient times. Bianting: An outpost on the border.
Fenghuo: Smoke signals used to alert the border defense. In ancient times when the border defense discovered enemy movements they would light up the fenghuo on high platforms to sound the alarm. Xianyang: The name of a city Qin once made it the capital used here to refer to the capital city.
Zhengshi: The troops that were conscripted. Also written as Zhengqi. Tun: To station troops for defense. Guangwu: A place name now located in the west of Daixian Shanxi Province.
Shuofang: A Han dynasty prefecture located in the northwest of the current Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region including the Hexi region.
Yanqiu: The autumn of slaughter. This sentence means that the bowstring and arrow shaft have become strong and powerful due to the dryness of late autumn.
Luzhen: Refers to the enemy's formation. Lü is an ancient derogatory term for the northern invading ethnic groups.
Tianzi Anjian Nu: Refers to the emperor's anger upon hearing the warning.
Shizheju: It means that the military situation is urgent messengers are running on the road and they can see each other from a distance.
Yanxing: Neatly arranged in order like the formation of geese.
《代出自蓟北门行》译文及注释详情»
赏析
《边塞赋》是唐代文学家王之涣创作的一首赋体诗。诗中通过描绘边塞战争的紧急情况、壮阔场面和英勇士兵的牺牲精神，表达了对忠诚和勇敢的赞美。
诗的开头就展现了边亭告警的紧急情况，使用了“羽檄”、“烽火”等形象生动的词语，强调了军情的危急。接着，诗人描写了胡焰嚣张、天子震怒的严重局势，通过“严秋筋竿劲”、“虏阵精且强”等描写，展示了敌方的强大和汉方的愤怒。这些描写为即将展开的激烈战斗埋下了伏笔。
诗的后半部分着重描写了汉军准备投入战斗的壮阔场面。通过“雁行缘石径”、“鱼贯度飞粱”等比喻，描绘了汉军跋涉辛苦、纪律严明的英雄风貌。同时，诗人也突出了士兵们战胜恶劣环境的大无畏精神。这些描写通过细腻的语言和生动的形象，展示了士兵们的英勇和坚韧。
诗的结尾是全诗的精华，通过“时危见臣节”、“世乱识忠良”等表达了忠诚和勇敢的壮士在严峻考验中的表现。诗人用《九歌·国殇》中的辞语来赞扬为国捐躯的壮士，表达了对英烈的无比崇敬之情。这两联诗句流传广泛，成为封建时代衡量忠良行为准则的标志，鼓舞了人们的士气。
总的来说，王之涣的《边塞赋》通过描绘边塞战争的紧急情况、壮阔场面和英勇士兵的牺牲精神，表达了对忠诚和勇敢的赞美。诗中运用了生动的形象和细腻的语言，展示了士兵们在艰苦环境下的英勇和坚韧，激发了读者的情感共鸣。这首诗具有较高的艺术价值和文化意义。
《代出自蓟北门行》赏析详情»
鲍照
鲍照（约415年～466年）是南朝宋时期的文学家，与颜延之、谢灵运一起被称为“元嘉三大家”。他的字是明远，是汉族，祖籍东海（治所在今山东郯城西南，辖区包括今江苏涟水），长期居住在建康（今南京）。
鲍照出生于一个贫贱的家庭。后来，当临海王刘子顼镇守荆州时，鲍照被任命为前军参军。然而，刘子顼发动叛乱时，鲍照被乱兵杀害。
鲍照擅长乐府诗，他的七言诗对唐代诗歌的发展起到了重要的作用。他的作品集被称为《鲍参军集》。
总结：鲍照是南朝宋时期的文学家，与颜延之、谢灵运一起被称为“元嘉三大家”。他出生于贫贱的家庭，长期居住在建康。他擅长乐府诗，对唐代诗歌的发展起到了重要的作用。然而，他在刘子顼叛乱时被乱兵杀害。他的作品集名为《鲍参军集》。