《哀王孙》原文赏析
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aī哀wáng王sūn孙
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[táng唐dài代]dù杜fǔ甫
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cháng长ān安chéng城tóu头tóu头bái白wū乌，yè夜feī飞yán延qiū秋mén门shàng上hū呼。
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yòu又xiàng向rén人jiā家zhuó啄dà大wū屋，wū屋dǐ底dá达guān官zǒu走bì避hú胡。
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jīn金biān鞭duàn断zhé折jiǔ九mǎ马sǐ死，gǔ骨ròu肉bù不dé得tóng同chí驰qū驱。
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yāo腰xià下bǎo宝玦qīng青shān珊hú瑚，kě可lián怜wáng王sūn孙qì泣lù路yú隅。
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wèn问zhī之bù不kěn肯dào道xìng姓míng名，dàn但dào道kùn困kǔ苦qǐ乞weí为nú奴。
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yǐ已jīng经bǎi百rì日cuàn窜jīng荆jí棘，shēn身shàng上wú无yǒu有wán完jī肌fū肤。
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gāo高dì帝zǐ子sūn孙jìn尽lóng隆zhǔn准，lóng龙zhòng种zì自yǔ与cháng常rén人shū殊。
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chái豺láng狼zài在yì邑lóng龙zài在yě野，wáng王sūn孙shàn善bǎo保qiān千jīn金qū躯。
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bù不gǎn敢cháng长yǔ语lín临jiāo交qú衢，qiě且weí为wáng王sūn孙lì立sī斯xū须。
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zuó昨yè夜dōng东fēng风chuī吹xiě血xīng腥，dōng东lái来tuó橐tuó驼mǎn满jiù旧dū都。
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shuò朔fāng方jiàn健ér儿hǎo好shēn身shǒu手，xī昔hé何yǒng勇ruì锐jīn今hé何yú愚。
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qiè窃wén闻tiān天zǐ子yǐ已zhuàn传weì位，shèng圣dé德beǐ北fú服nán南dān单yú于。
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huā花mén门剺miàn面qǐng请xuě雪chǐ耻，shèn慎wù勿chū出kǒu口tā他rén人jū狙。
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aī哀zaī哉wáng王sūn孙shèn慎wù勿shū疏，wǔ五líng陵jiā佳qì气wú无shí时wú无。
译文及注释
Translation:
On the city walls of Chang'an there stands a white-headed crow
As night falls it flies into Yanqiu Gate and cries out.
This strange creature pecks incessantly at the grand official residence
Frightening the officials causing them to flee their homes to avoid the barbarians.
Xuanzong fled breaking his golden whip and exhausting nine horses
The imperial relatives and nobles couldn't keep up with him.
There was a young man wearing a jade pendant and coral around his waist
Poor thing he cried by the roadside until his voice became hoarse.
No matter how many questions were asked he refused to reveal his name
Only saying that he was living in hardship begging someone to take him as a servant.
For over a hundred days he has been fleeing through thorny bushes
His body covered in wounds and scars.
Most descendants of the Emperor Gaozu have high and straight noses
Compared to commoners the dragon's descendants naturally possess elegance.
While jackals and wolves proclaim themselves emperors in the city
The dragon's descendants are wandering in the wilderness.
Oh prince you must take care of yourself.
At the crossroads I dare not talk to you for long
I can only stand for a moment and tell you something important.
Last night the east wind brought a strong smell of blood
Many camels and horses arrived on the east side of Chang'an.
The northern army has always been skilled in warfare
Their former bravery has now turned into flowing water and falling flowers.
I heard in secret that the emperor has passed the throne to the crown prince
The Southern Chanyu sent envoys to pay tribute and the holy virtue has stabilized the world.
They all cut their faces requesting to avenge the humiliation on the front lines
You must keep your mouth shut to prevent the capture of spies.
Oh poor prince you must not neglect
The air of the Five Tombs is lush and the great Tang Dynasty has hope!
Annotations:
Yanqiu Gate: Xuanzong fled from here during the An Lushan Rebellion.
Golden whip broke: Refers to Xuanzong's whip breaking while he was riding his horse.
Nine horses: Refers to the emperor's horses.
Jade pendant: A precious ornament made of jade.
Corner: A corner or a secluded place.
Descendants of Emperor Gaozu: Refers to the descendants of Liu Bang the founder of the Han Dynasty. Here it refers to the descendants of the Han Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty.
High and straight: Refers to a high nose bridge.
Jackals and wolves in the city: Refers to An Lushan occupying Chang'an. City: Capital.
Dragon in the wilderness: Refers to Xuanzong fleeing to Shu.
By the crossroads: Near the main road. Crossroads: Main road.
In a moment: A short while.
East wind blows with a smell of blood: Refers to the An Lushan rebels massacring people.
Shuofang sentence: Refers to the Tang general Geshu Han defending Tongguan with 200000 troops resulting in a major defeat for the An Lushan rebels.
《哀王孙》译文及注释详情»
创作背景
这篇创作背景描述了唐朝安史之乱爆发后的动荡时期。安史之乱是唐朝历史上一次重大的政治动乱，起因是安禄山和史思明等叛乱将领对唐朝政权进行叛乱。在天宝十五年六月九日，潼关失守，十三日，唐玄宗被迫逃亡到蜀地，只带着杨贵妃和她的姐妹几人，其他妃嫔、皇孙和公主都来不及逃走。七月，安禄山的部将孙孝哲攻陷长安，接连杀害了霍长公主以下的一百多人。这首诗就是在这个时候创作的。诗中提到的“王孙”，指的是在这场大难中幸存下来的人们。 《哀王孙》创作背景详情»
赏析
自体验的真实感受。诗人通过描写王公贵族子孙们的凄惨遭遇，表达了对他们的同情和悲悯之情。诗中夸张的描写和细腻的情感交织在一起，使读者能够深刻感受到战乱带来的痛苦和悲惨。
诗中的王孙贵族们在逃亡过程中遭受了巨大的伤害和损失。他们不得不放弃自己的财富和地位，甚至连自己的孩子也无法完全带走。他们在逃亡的过程中，金鞭断折，九匹马死亡，这种夸张的描写表达了他们逃亡时的惶恐和绝望。而那些被父母遗弃在长安城中的孩子们，无法道出自己的姓名，只能告诉诗人他们的困苦和求生的渴望。他们已经在荆棘中躲藏了很久，身上伤痕累累，但他们仍然坚持活下去，希望能够保住自己的生命。
诗人通过描写这些王孙贵族子孙们的遭遇，表达了对他们的同情和悲悯之情。他希望他们能够坚持下去，保护好自己的生命。他相信唐兵一定会打回来，长安城的繁华也一定会再次回来。诗人虽然身处乱中，但他仍然心系国家，充满了必胜的信心。他通过诗歌表达了对战争时局的关心和关注。
整首诗的词色古泽，气魄宏大。诗人通过真实的描写和细腻的情感，使读者能够深刻感受到战乱带来的痛苦和悲惨。诗人通过描写王孙贵族子孙们的遭遇，表达了对他们的同情和悲悯之情。诗中蕴含着对统治者的规劝，希望他们能够居安思危，不贪图享乐，以免子孙也无法遮顾。整首诗充满了悲悯和警示的意味，令人深思。
《哀王孙》赏析详情»
杜甫
杜甫（712－770）是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，被尊为“诗圣”。他的字是子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等。他出生在河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市），是汉族。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了与另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。
杜甫的诗歌表达了他对国家和人民的忧虑，展现了他高尚的人格。他的诗被称为“诗史”，约有1400余首被保留了下来。他的诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。
759-766年间，杜甫曾居住在成都。后世为了纪念他，在成都建立了杜甫草堂。杜甫的诗歌以其真实的描写和深刻的思考而闻名，他的作品反映了当时社会的动荡和人民的苦难。他的诗歌主题广泛，包括政治、社会、自然和人生等方面。他的作品中也包含了对自己个人经历和情感的表达。
杜甫的生平和创作对中国文学产生了深远的影响，他被视为中国古代文学的瑰宝之一。他的诗歌不仅在中国广为传诵，也被翻译成多种语言传播到世界各地。他的作品至今仍然被人们广泛阅读和研究。