《辛丑岁七月赴假还江陵夜行涂口》原文赏析
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xīn辛chǒu丑suì岁qī七yuè月fù赴jià假hái还jiāng江líng陵yè夜xíng行tú涂kǒu口
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[weì魏jìn晋]táo陶yuān渊míng明
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xián闲jū居sān三shí十zài载，suì遂yǔ与chén尘shì事míng冥。
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shī诗shū书dūn敦sù宿hǎo好，lín林yuán园wú无shì世qíng情。
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rú如hé何shè舍cǐ此qù去，yáo遥yáo遥zhì至nán南jīng荆！
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kòu叩枻xīn新qiū秋yuè月，lín临liú流bié别yǒu友shēng生。
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liáng凉fēng风qǐ起jiāng将xī夕，yè夜jǐng景zhàn湛xū虚míng明。
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zhāo昭zhāo昭tiān天yǔ宇kuò阔，皛皛chuān川shàng上píng平。
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huái怀yì役bù不huáng遑meì寐，zhōng中xiāo宵shàng尚gū孤zhēng征。
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shāng商gē歌feī非wú吾shì事，yī依yī依zài在ǒu耦gēng耕。
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tóu投guàn冠xuàn旋jiù旧xū墟，bù不weí为hǎo好jué爵yíng萦。
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yǎng养zhēn真héng衡máo茅xià下，shù庶yǐ以shàn善zì自míng名。
译文及注释
Translation:
For the past thirty years I have enjoyed a leisurely life in the village unaware of the world's affairs. I used to love poetry and books but now I love the countryside even more free from social obligations. Why did I leave the countryside and travel thousands of miles to Nanyang? I rowed the boat and shattered the moon of early autumn bidding farewell to friends and family by the water's edge. The cool evening breeze has already started blowing and the moonlight illuminates the night sky making it clear and bright. The vast sky is clear and boundless and the shining light reflects on the calm river surface. I can't sleep peacefully worrying about my duties. It's already midnight and I have to walk alone. Seeking an official position is not my career and I am reluctant to give up the pleasure of farming. I have decided to abandon the official hat and return to my hometown. High positions and wealth do not move me emotionally. Only by living a simple life can I cultivate my true nature and establish a good reputation through virtuous deeds.
Annotations:
Xinchou: Refers to the fifth year of Emperor Long'an of Jin'an (401 AD).
Fujia: Refers to the place where one goes to report back to work after taking leave indicating the end of a vacation.
Jiangling: The residence of Huan Xuan the governor of Jingzhou at that time located in present-day Jiangling County Hubei Province.
Xing: Passing through.
Tukou: A place name now known as Jinkou Street Jiangxia District Wuhan City. It was called Tukou before the Northern Song Dynasty.
Xianju: Living leisurely at home.
San shi zai: The poet started his official career as a wine officer in Jiangzhou at the age of 29. San shi zai refers to the completion of his official career. Some interpretations suggest that san shi should be read as san er which means six. Therefore it means that he lived a leisurely life for six years.
Chen shi: Refers to worldly matters.
Ming: Isolated separated.
Dun: Thick. Used as a verb here meaning to thicken or increase.
Su hao: Former hobbies. Su means past usually.
Lin yuan: Also written as yuan lin. Refers to gardens.
Shi qing: Worldly emotions.
Ru he: Why.
She ci: Giving up this.
Nan jing: Jingzhou the capital of Hubei Province was called Nan Jing because it was located in the southern part of the ancient Chu State. This naming convention was continued in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Wen Xuan refers to it as Xi Jing (West Jing).
Kou: Knock hit.
Yi: Ship's side.
Xin qiu: Early autumn the first month of autumn.
Lin liu: By the river.
You sheng: Friends. Sheng is a term used to address young scholars.
Jiang xi: Evening is approaching. Xi means evening.
Zhan: Clear transparent.
Xu ming: Empty and bright.
Zhao zhao: Bright shining.
Xiao: Bright and white.
Chuan shang: Refers to the river surface.
Huai yi: Carrying out duties burdened with tasks.
Bu huang: No time unable to.
《辛丑岁七月赴假还江陵夜行涂口》译文及注释详情»
创作背景
这首诗是在晋安帝隆安五年（401年）创作的。在隆安四年（400年）的春天，桓玄攻克了荆州和雍州，成为了八州即八郡的军事督抚，同时也担任了荆州和江州的刺史。而当时的陶渊明则在桓玄的幕府中供职。隆安五年的七月，陶渊明回到家乡探望亲人，假期结束后再次返回江陵（今湖北荆州）的官府。在经过涂口的路上，他写下了这首诗。 《辛丑岁七月赴假还江陵夜行涂口》创作背景详情»
赏析
这首诗的主题和情感。最后两句“庶几无愧于天地之间”是诗人对自己未来生活的期望和追求，表达了他希望能够在归隐田园的生活中找到真正的满足和安宁，与天地相和谐，不再有愧于自己的存在。
整首诗以夜行为背景，通过描写秋江夜景和诗人内心的矛盾情感，展现了诗人对过去生活的追忆和对未来生活的思考。诗人在追忆过去的生活时，表达了对诗书和园林的热爱和对官场虚伪的厌恶，强调了过去生活的纯粹和值得追恋之处。然而，诗人在夜行的过程中，面对美好的秋江夜景，却感到内心的孤独和役事的苦楚，对一切美景都产生了怀疑和思考。最后，诗人做出了明确的抉择，选择了归隐田园的生活，放弃了仕进之心，返归故里，与大自然相融合，追求内心的真善美。
整首诗以夜行为线索，通过对过去、现在和未来的描写，展现了诗人对生活的思考和追求。诗人通过对自己生活的回顾和对未来生活的设想，表达了对纯粹和真善美的追求，以及对虚伪和俗情的厌弃。整首诗情感真挚，语言简练，通过对景物的描写和对内心的抒发，展现了诗人对生活的独特见解和对人生的思考。
《辛丑岁七月赴假还江陵夜行涂口》赏析详情»
陶渊明
陶渊明（352或365年—427年），字元亮，又名潜，私谥“靖节”，世称靖节先生，浔阳柴桑（今江西省九江市）人。他是东晋末至南朝宋初期伟大的诗人、辞赋家。
陶渊明曾担任过江州祭酒、建威参军、镇军参军、彭泽县令等职务。最后一次出仕为彭泽县令，但仅任职八十多天便弃职而去，从此归隐田园。
他是中国第一位田园诗人，被称为“古今隐逸诗人之宗”。他的诗作以描绘自然景色和田园生活为主题，表达了对世俗纷扰的厌倦和对自然宁静的向往。他的诗风清新自然，语言简练，意境深远，给人以宁静、舒适的感觉。
陶渊明的代表作品有《归园田居》、《桃花源记》等。他的诗歌作品流传广泛，对后世文人的诗歌创作产生了深远的影响。
关于陶渊明的生平，有关于他的出生和死亡的确切年份存在争议。有的资料称他出生于352年，去世于427年；而另一些资料则认为他出生于365年，去世于427年。无论如何，陶渊明的诗作和思想对中国文学史产生了重要影响，他被誉为中国文学史上的一位伟大诗人。