原文: 东南山水,余杭郡为最。
就郡言,灵隐寺为尤。
由寺观,冷泉亭为甲。
亭在山下,水中央,寺西南隅。
高不倍寻,广不累丈,而撮奇得要,地搜胜概,物无遁形。
春之日,吾爱其草薰薰,木欣欣,可以导和纳粹,畅人血气。
夏之夜,吾爱其泉渟渟,风泠泠,可以蠲烦析酲,起人心情。
山树为盖,岩石为屏,云从栋生,水与阶平。
坐而玩之者,可濯足于床下;卧而狎之者,可垂钓于枕上。
矧又潺湲洁沏,粹冷柔滑。
若俗士,若道人,眼耳之尘,心舌之垢,不待盥涤,见辄除去。
潜利阴益,可胜言哉!斯所以最余杭而甲灵隐也。
杭自郡城抵四封,丛山复湖,易为形胜。
先是领郡者,有相里君造虚白亭,有韩仆射皋作候仙亭,有裴庶子棠棣作观风亭,有卢给事元辅作见山亭,及右司郎中河南元藇最后作此亭。
于是五亭相望,如指之列,可谓佳境殚矣,能事毕矣。
后来者虽有敏心巧目,无所加焉。
故吾继之,述而不作。
长庆三年八月十三日记。
Língquán Tíng: Located at the foot of Língyǐn Mountain in the central part of Shímén Jiàn southwest corner of Língyǐn Temple. It is less than 16 feet high and no more than 20 feet wide but it gathers the most beautiful scenery encompassing all the picturesque views that cannot be missed.
In spring I love the fragrance of flowers and the lushness of the trees. Here one can breathe in pure and fresh air calming the mind and soothing the body. In summer nights I love the gentle flow of the spring water and the cool breeze. Here one can dispel worries relieve the fatigue after waking up from a hangover and stimulate the interest of visitors. The trees on the mountain serve as a large umbrella for the pavilion the surrounding rocks act as a barrier clouds emerge from the pavilion's beams and the water is level with the pavilion's steps. While sitting and enjoying the view one can wash their feet in the clear spring under the pavilion chair; while lying down and appreciating the scenery one can fish with a fishing rod hanging from the pillow. The clear and murmuring stream flows continuously beneath your eyes. Whether you are an ordinary person or a monk the evil thoughts you see and hear the dirty thoughts you think and want to say will be washed away by the clear spring. The benefits and advantages it brings are countless! That's why I say: Língquán Tíng is the most beautiful place in Yúháng County and the top destination of Língyǐn Temple!
Yúháng County stretches from the city to the outskirts with mountains and lakes connected to each other. There are many beautiful places with stunning scenery. In the past the officials who served as the prefect here such as Yín the Minister of the Interior built Xūbái Tíng; Hángāo the Deputy Minister built Hòuxiān Tíng; Péi Tángdì a commoner built Guānfēng Tíng; Lú Yuánfǔ an official built Jiànshān Tíng; and Yuán Yù a native of Hénán and a Right Assistant Minister finally built this Língquán Tíng. In this way the five pavilions can be seen from each other like five fingers arranged together. It can be said that all the beautiful scenery of the entire county is in these places and all the pavilions that need to be built have been completed. Later the people who took charge of the county's administration although they had clever ideas and vision could not add anything more. Therefore after I took over from them I only repaired the pavilions and did not build new ones.
Recorded on the 13th day of the eighth month of the third year of Chángqìng (823 AD).
Annotations:
Língquán Tíng: Located below the Feilai Peak in West Lake Hangzhou Zhejiang Province.
Yúháng County: In the Tang Dynasty it was called Hangzhou and its capital is now located in the west of Hangzhou Zhejiang Province.
Regarding the county: Referring to the mountains and rivers of Yúháng County.
Língyǐn Temple: Located in the northwest of West Lake Hangzhou Zhejiang Province.
《冷泉亭记》译文及注释详情»
本文介绍了杭州灵隐寺附近的冷泉亭,作为一个清凉的去处。冷泉亭建于唐朝,原亭已不存在,现在的亭是清代人仿原物格调重修的。亭子枕在一条潺潺流淌的清溪之上,亭内宽阔开敞,让人感到心如澡雪、通体舒服。冷泉亭历史悠久,大诗人白居易曾在杭州做太守时写下了《冷泉亭记》。白居易在修建冷泉亭时已经51岁,他一心为百姓造福,同时也倾向于冷静和淡泊,将自己的情思志趣映射到冷泉亭上。游览冷泉亭,人们可以感受到历史的沉淀和大诗人的情怀。 《冷泉亭记》导读详情»
这篇赏析选自白居易的《白居易集》,作者在长庆三年任杭州刺史时写下了这篇题记。文章主要赞扬了前任长官修筑的胜景,并强调了山水佳境对身心的益处和美育作用。文章结构简洁清晰,夹叙夹议,重在议论,情理交融,读来富有情致和理趣。
文章并没有具体描写冷泉亭本身,而是通过赞美杭州和灵隐寺的形胜之美,指出冷泉亭的位置选择得很好。作者在文章中抒写了在冷泉亭所感受的情趣和所获得的启发。尤其是第二段描写了冷泉亭在春日夏夜的情趣,以及它在山下水中的地位所具有的形胜和情怀,以及坐卧其上的异趣。最后,作者将这种美景与情操的潜移默化联系在一起,形成了一种清婉美净、娓娓动听的游记笔墨。
虽然这篇题记在适当地赞扬了前任的政绩,但更多地展现了游记的情趣,并通过美好的山水风景给人以健康的情操熏陶。作者的见地至今仍然具有教益意义。
《冷泉亭记》赏析详情»
白居易(772年-846年)是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人,字乐天,号香山居士,又号醉吟先生。他的祖籍是太原,但在曾祖父时迁居下邽,后来在河南新郑出生。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动,被世人称为“元白”,与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。
白居易的诗歌题材广泛,形式多样,语言平易通俗,因此被称为“诗魔”和“诗王”。他的诗作包含了丰富的内容,涉及社会生活、政治时事、爱情离别等各个方面。他的诗歌风格清新自然,富有感情,深受人们喜爱。
白居易在官场上也有一定的成就,曾担任翰林学士、左赞善大夫等职位。然而,公元846年,白居易在洛阳逝世,享年74岁。他被葬于香山,留下了许多珍贵的诗作。他的代表作品包括《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等,这些作品至今仍被广泛传诵和赏析。
总结起来,白居易是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人,他的诗歌广泛涉及各个方面的题材,形式多样,语言通俗易懂。他在官场上也有一定的成就,但最终在洛阳逝世,葬于香山。他的诗作至今仍被人们传诵和赏析。
岁癸已春暮,余游甬东,闻雪窦游胜最诸山,往观焉。
廿四日,由石湖登舟,二十五里下北曳堰达江。
江行九折,达江口。
转之西,大桥横绝溪上,覆以栋宇。
自桥下入溪行,九折达泉口。
凡舟楫往还,视湖上下,顷刻数十里;非其时,用人力牵挽,则劳而缓焉。
初,大溪薄山转,岩壑深窈,有曰“仙人洞”,巨石临水,若坐垂踵者;有曰“金鸡洞”,相传凿石破山,有金鸡飞鸣去,不知何年也。
水益涩,曳舟不得进,路行六七里,止药师寺。
寺负紫芝山,僧多读书,不类城府。
越信宿,遂缘小溪,益出山左。
涉溪水,四山回环,遥望白蛇蜿蜒下赴大壑,盖涧水尔。
桑畦麦陇,高下联络,田家隐翳竹树,樵童牧竖相征逐,真行图画中!欲问地所历名,则舆夫朴野,不深解吴语,或强然诺,或不应所问,率十问仅得二三。
次度大溪,架木为梁,首尾相啮,广三尺余,修且二百跬,独野人往返捷甚。
次溪口市,凡大宅多废者,间有诵声出廊庑,久听不知何书,殆所谓《兔园册》耶?渐上,陟林麓,路益峻,则睨松林在足下。
花粉逆风起为黄尘,留衣襟不去,他香无是清也。
越二岭,首有亭当道,髹书“雪窦山”字。
山势奥处,仰见天宇,其狭若在陷井;忽出林际,则廓然开朗,一瞬百里。
次亭曰隐秀,翳万杉间,溪声绕亭址出山去。
次亭曰寒华,多留题,不暇读;相对数步为漱玉亭,复泉,窦虽小,可汲,饮之甘。
次大亭,值路所入,路析为两。
先朝御书“应梦名山”其上,刻石其下,盖昭陵梦游绝境,诏图天下名山以进,兹山是也。
左折松径,径达雪窦;自右折入,中道因桥为亭,曰锦镜,亭之下为圆池,径余十丈,横海棠环之,花时影注水涘,烂然疑乎锦,故名。
度亭支径亦达寺,而缭曲。
主僧少野,有诗声,具觞豆劳客,相与道钱塘故旧。
止余宿;余度诘旦且雨,不果留。
出寺右偏登千丈岩,流瀑自锦镜出,泻落绝壁下潭中,深不可计。
林崖端,引手援树下顾,率目眩心悸。
初若大练,触崖石,喷薄如急雪飞下,故其上为飞雪亭。
憩亭上,时觉沾醉,清谈玄辩,触喉吻动欲发,无足与云者;坐念平生友,怅然久之。
寺前秧田羡衍,山林所环,不异平地。
然侧出见在下村落,相去已数百丈;仰见在山上峰峦,高复称此。
次妙高台,危石突岩畔,俯视山址环凑,不见来路。
周览诸山,或绀或苍;孟者,委弁者,蛟而跃、兽而踞者,覆不可殚状。
远者晴岚上浮,若处子光绝溢出眉宇,未必有意,自然动人;凡陵登,胜观花焉。
土人云,又有为小雪窦,为板锡寺,为四明洞天。
余兴亦尽,不暇登陟矣。